Fabian Essays in Socialism - Unknown

Labor: Mouth honor to, [5]
In the market as a commodity, [9]
Displaced by machinery, [63]
Fruits of, [104]
Municipal organization of, [140], [174]
Labor colonies, [147]
Beginning of State organization of, [175]
Laborer and Employer, [137]
(See also [Proletarian].)
Laisser-faire, [36], [38], [39], [51], [70], [160]
Lancashire, Old, [57]
Expansion of, [65]
Weavers’ grievances, [72]
Land, Rent of, [3]-[5]
Point at which it becomes a close monopoly, [7]
Powers of the County Councils to hold, [139]
Nationalization of, [47], [172]
Landlord, What he costs, [14]
Landed Interest, Its policy, [187]
Lassalle, Ferdinand, [57], [162]
Law of Indifference, [11], [12]
“ “ Rent (See also [Rent]), [4], [53], [161]
“Leaseholds Enfranchisement”, [51], [174]
Leaseholds: Origin of, [8]
Confiscation at expiry of, [171]
Lecky, W. J., [34], [71], [73]
Leclaire and Godin, Experiments of, [151]
Leed, [33], [38], [47]
Legislation: Breakdown of mediæval, [160]
(See also [Factory Legislation].)
Leveling-down action of Private Property, [14]
Levi, Leone, [54]
Liberal and Radical Union in favor of County Councils holding land, [47], [138]
Libraries, Public, [134]
Liberal Party, Its policy on Socialism, [190]-[192]
Liberty and Equality, [53], [157]
Liberty and Property Defence League, [47]
Lincoln, Abraham: The moral of his assassination, [74]
Liverpool, Growth of, [33]
Lloyd, Henry D., on “Lords of Industry”, [83]
Local: Improvement Acts, [41]
Self-Government, [171]
Government Boards dealings with the unemployed, [174]
Government Board of the future, [181]
Lodging Houses, Municipal, [47]
London: Facts concerning, [181]
The County Council, [181]
Extraordinary proportions reached by Economic Rent in, [171]
Liberal and Radical Union, [47], [138]
London and Southwestern Railway shareholders, [78]
“Looking Backward”, [145]
Louis XVI, [56]
Lying, As vice or virtue, [107]

Machinery: Shoemaking by, [61]
Agriculture by, [62]
Displacement of hand labor by, [63]
Progress of, [138], [146]
Substitution for hand labor in disagreeable employments, [145]
Chimney Sweeping by, [146]
Maine, Sir Henry, [29], [54]
Malthus, Rev. T. R., [32], [39], [162]
Man as producer and exchanger, [12]
“Man versus the State”, [47]
Management, Profits of industrial, [179]
Managers, Qualifications and present value of industrial, [179]-[80]
Manchester, [33], [38], [46]
Manchester School, [74], [168]
Its advocacy of Protection, [176]
Manners, Lady Janette on “Are Rich Landowners Idle?”, [109]
Manorial Rights, [32], [38]
Mills, [38]
Manors, [2], [32], [38]
Marginal Utility (See [Final Utility]).
Margin of Cultivation, [2], [5]
Obligation of private competitors to charge the full cost of production at, [178]-[9]
Markets: Effect on rent of proximity to, [3]
The fight for foreign, [74], [181]
Marriage, Contract of, [131]
Marshall, Alfred, and Mary Paley—Definition of rent, [4]
Marx, Karl, [36], [162], [169]
Matthew, Guild of St., [39]
Maurice, F. Denison, [39], [41], [79]
Meliorism, [24]
Men, Traffic in, [9]
Mercantile System, [38]
Method of Criticism on Moral Basis, [95]
Metœci in Athens, [125]
Middle Ages: Social Organization in the, [157]
Middle Class: Its callousness, [73]
Its moral ideas, [108]-[110]
Its misunderstandings of Socialism, [164]
Its dread of mob violence, [175]
Militant organization of the working class for forcible revolution, [182], [184]
Militarism and immigration, [125]
Military Service, [131]
Empires of the Continent, [125]
Mill, James, [29], [33]
Mill, John Stuart, [4], [31], [39], [41], [50], [52], [168]
Milk Exchange of New York, [88]
Milton, John, Proposal as to schools, [134]
Mines: Their horrors before the legislation initiated by Lord Ashley, [61]
Nationalization of, [150]
Mines Regulation Acts, [41]
Minor poetry, Socialist provision for the publication of, [144]
Mirabeau, [60]
Missionaries, [181]
Mistakes exposed by Socialism:
That Society is no more than the sum of its units, [3], [50]
That Private Property encourages industry, [6]
That Private Property establishes healthy incentive, [6]
That Private Property distributes wealth according to exertion, [6]
That Rent does not enter into price, [14]
That Exchange Value is a measure of true wealth, [19]
That “the poor ye shall have always with you”, [24]
That riots, regicide and bloodshed make Revolutions, [56], [166]
Mob Violence, Middle-class dread of, [175]
Molesworth, W. N., [31]
Money, Function of, [10]
Monopolies, [14]
And Democracy, [89]
Necessity for protecting the Postmaster’s, [168]
Moral Basis of Socialism, [93]
Habits and their origin, [98]
Education of the Individual, [102]
And of Society, [115]
Moralists, Foolish, [6]
Morality, [94]
Relativity of, [96]
Recognizable only in Society, [97]
Conventional, [98], [100], [106], [108]
Natural, [101], [109]
Practical, [103]
Class, [5], [23], [108], [109], [110], [159]
Elementary conditions of, [113]
Developed conditions of, [115], [116]
Socialistic, [117]
Medieval, [137], [158]
Elizabethan, [159]
“Morals and Health Act” (1802), [41], [160]
More, Sir Thomas, [160]
Morley, Right Hon. John, [47], [182], [192], [193]
Motors, Influence of new, [33]
Municipal: Corporations Act, [34]
Action, [46]
Socialism, [46], [175]
Debt, [47]
Development, [49]
Prestige of Municipal Employment, [177]
Municipalities, Growth of, [33], [35], [45], [46], [47]
(See also [County Councils].)

Nabob, The appearance in English social life of the, [33]
Napoleon: “The career is open to the talented”, [7]
“A nation of shopkeepers”, [71]
Nasmyth, James, invents the steam-hammer, [60]
National Insurance, [23]
National Liberal Federation, [48]
“National Review, The”, [109]
Nationalization of Rent, [22], [47]
It results if unaccompanied by Socialistic organization of labor, [172]
Inter-municipal rent, [181]
Rent of ability, [179]-[80]
(See also [Progress and Poverty].)
Nature: Caprices of, [3], [7]
“Red in tooth and claw”, [23]
Unmorality of, [24]
The cause of Society, [98]
Newspapers under Socialism, [144]
New Hampshire, [121]
New Motors, Influence of, [33]
New River Company, [124]
New York Legislature—Committee on Trusts, [86]
Newcommen, Thomas, [33]
Nexus, The social, [30], [32], [50]

Oastler, Richard, [68]
O’Connor, Fergus, [169]
Oldest Families—Tradition of their superiority, [5]
Oldham, [46]
Olivier, Sydney, [93]
Omnipotence and Benevolence, The Dilemma of, [23]
Optimism: rebuked by Science, [24]
The individual economists and their, [161]
Organism, The Social, [50]
Outlook, The political, [184]
Over-population, [17]
Owen, Robert, [40], [79], [121], [174]

Painters, Gains of fashionable, [179]
Paley, Rev. William, [39], [40]
Palmerston, Chinese policy of Lord, [74]
Panem et Circenses, [172]
Parasitism, Economic, [107]
Parliaments, Annual, [170]
Parks, Public, [187]-[8]
Parties, State and fundamental differences of, [120], [132]
Patent rights, [155]
Patronage in the public service, [165]
Effect of appointments by, [165]
Pauper Labor, How to deal with, [140]
Payment of representatives, [170]
Peasant Proprietorship, [50]
Period of Anarchy, [35]
Perpetual pension, Privately appropriated Rent is of the nature of a, [4]
Pessimism, [23], [200]
Peterloo, [34]
Philanthropy, Futility of, [167]
“Philosophic Radicalism,” [40], [167]
Physical force, [136], [166], [184]
Advocated by Lord Bramwell, [175]
Physicians, Gains of fashionable, [179]
Piracy and the Slave Trade in the 16th century, [158]
Pitt, William: His motives, [72]
Piener, E. von, [69]
Plebeians in ancient Rome, [125]
Plato, [111]
Police: Conduct of Socialists charged upon by the, [100]
Recent action of the ex-Chief Commissioner of, [174]
Political: Tendencies, [48], [186]
Reform, [51], [192]
“Political Science Quarterly,” [28], [79]
Economy (See [Political Economy]).
Political Economy, [2]
Basis of Socialism in, [1]
Definition of Rent in treatises, [4]
Theory apparently contradicted by history, [20]
Untrustworthiness of abstract, [20]
Its guns turned against Private Property, [24]
Old school and new, [24]
John Stuart Mill, [31], [50], [52]
Ricardo, [162]
Jevons, [162]
Rise of modern, [39], [160]
Perceived to be a reductio ad absurdum of Private Property, [162]
Present political parties and, [190]
Poor Law: A Socialistic institution degraded, [114]
Reform, [49]
The old and the new, [167]
Post Office: A Socialistic institution, [131]
Socialization of the postal system, [139]
Economy of collectivist charges exemplified by, [168]
Population: Increase and its effects, [5], [15], [161], [174]
Its control by public opinion, [182]
(See also [Overpopulation].)
Press: Its liberty after the socialization of printing, [144]
Clamor for bloodshed from the newspapers of the proprietary class, [175]
Preston, [46]
Its public debt, [127]
Prices cannot be raised to compensate diminished profits, [177]
Printing, Socialization of, [144]
Private Property: Beginning of, [2]
Its levelling-down action, [14]
Injustice of, [20]
Not now practicable in its integrity, [21]
Its abrogation conceived as an attempt to empower everyone to rob everyone else, [22]
Its revenue distinguished from earnings, [22]
Composition of incomes derived from, [22]
Institution of, [103]
Conditions of its possibility, [104]
Effect on sex relations, [110]
Idea of, [111]
Rights of, [138]
Cheapens the laborer, [179]
Tends to make the majority mere beasts of burden, [180]
Process of extinction of, [181]
The State and, [190]
(See also [Property].)
Private Enterprise compared with Public, [168]
Produce: Unjust division resulting from private appropriation of land, [5]
Production: Improvements in, [6]
Effect of unforeseen improvements in, [12]
Conditions of production and exchange, [12]
Associated, [121], [133]
Profit, [6], [13]
Sweater’s, [177]
Most important form of “Rent of Ability,” [179]
Effect of calculating it in net social welfare instead of individual pecuniary gain, [181]
“Profit Sharing”, [151]
Programme of Social Democracy, [182]
Progress: Conditions of, [94]
Rate of in politics, industry and thought, [186]
“Progress and Poverty,” [23]-[5], [162], [169], [172]
“Progress of Socialism,” [41]
Proletarian: The first, [6]
Predicament of landless, [8]
End of his absorption by the land as tenant, [9]
Sold into bondage, [10]
Operation of the law of value on his position as a vendor of labor, [15]
How the Democratic State will deal with him, [173]
(See also [Proletariat].)
Proletariat: Origin of the, [6]
Exploitation of, [17]
Physical degradation of, [67]
Type of, [105]
Morals of, [110]-[13]
So-called “intellectual,” [180]
(See also [Proletarian].)
Property: Under Socialism, [119]
Definition and economic analysis of, [120]
(See also [Private Property].)
Prosperity, Association of idleness with, [4]
Prostitutes, their making, [112]
Protection: Decay of, [73]
In the Middle Ages, [158]
Advocated by the Manchester School, [176]
Proudhon, P. J., [162]
Public Health Acts, [41]
Public Opinion, [182]
Purchasing Power—Pernicious effect of its unequal distribution, [19]

Quit Rents, [8]

Radicalism: Philosophic, [40]
The modern Radical Programme, [48]
Ordinary destructive variety, [164]
Permeation of by Socialism, [196]
Absorption of, [199]
The land question and, [104]
Railways: Requisites for making them under Capitalism, [16]
Development of, [75]
Socialization of, [139]
Raphael’s pictures, [126]
Ratepayer, How Socialism will first affect the, [177]
Rates, Growth of, [46]
Reactionary Legislation, Danger of, [92]
Reform Bills, [34], [168]
Regicide: Its victims, [84]
Its futility, [136]
Registration, Anomalous condition of voters’, [170]
Regulation of Industry: Medieval, [37], [157]-[8]
Modern (See [Factory Legislation]).
Rent: Recognized and paid by worker to drone, [3]
Definitions of economic rent by standard economists, [3], [4]
Point at which rent ceases to be strictly “economic rent,” [8]
Enters into price of all commodities except those produced at margin of cultivation, [13]
Relation to cost of production, [13]
Nationalization of, [21], [46], [182]
Is common wealth, not individually earned, [22]
Moral Aspect of, [104], [110], [113]
Case of Birmingham and Warwick, [123]
Law of, [161]
Illustration of economic rent, [163]
Urban, [171]
Effect of municipal Socialism on, [177]
How County Councils can manipulate, [178]
Nationalizing inter-municipal, [181]
Effect of Free Trade on agricultural, [190]
Rent of ability, [7], [177]
Industrial profit the most important form of, [179]
Raised by Private Property, [179]
May become negative, [180]
Republicanism: Disappearance of militant Republicanism in England, [185]
Residuum: Genesis of the, [113]
Its appreciation of public hospitality, [114]
Respectability, Falsehood of current, [24]
Reward of Abstinence, [16]
” of effort in the cause of Socialism, [135]
Revolt, The Intellectual, [40]
Revolution: Middle class notions of, [56]
Socialistic attempt to organize militant, [182]
(See also [Industrial Revolution] and [Physical Force].)
Ricardo, David, [4], [39], [162]
Riches are not Wealth, [18]
Rights of Man, Declaring the, [182]
Rings, Growth of capitalist, [82], [127], [184]
Ritchie, Right Hon. C. T., [138]
Ritchie, D. G., [50]
Rochdale Pioneers, [124]
Roebuck, J. A., [39]
Rogers, Professor Thorold E., [32]
Rousseau, J. J., [39]
Rural economy in 1750, [32]
Russell, Lord John, announces finality, [167]
Ruskin, John, [41]
Russia’s industrial competition in the world market, [169]
Rutland, Duchess of, on the hard work of country gentlemen, [109]
Ryot, Suppression of Indian, [113]

S. D. F. (Social Democratic Federation), [169]
Sadler, Michael Thomas, [69]
Salisbury, Rt. Hon., the Marquess of, [129]
Satan: His moral activity, [106]
Rehabilitation of, [114]
“Saul”: Optimism as expressed in Robert Browning’s poem, [23]
Saving: Capital the result of, [16]
Savings of communities and of individuals, [123]
Schools as they should be, [133]
Scott, Sir Walter, Political types in “Rob Roy”, [71]
Secretan, Eugène, [84]
Seeley, J. R., [189]
Self, Extension of, [101]
Self-defence, Origin of the Noble Art, [100]
“Self-help”, [19], [168]
Seligman, E. R. A., [79]
Servants, Domestic, [111], [172]
Servantgalism an Effect of Capitalism, [111]
Services, Property in, [130]
Settlement, Law of, [31]
Seven Years’ War, The, [60]
Sewer Cleaning under Socialism, [145]
Shaftesbury, Lord, [69]
Shaftesbury Avenue, Land near, [127]
Shakspere, Suggested Duke of, [132]
Shaw, G. Bernard, [1], [157]
Shelley, P. B., [100]
Shoemaking by hand, [58]
By machinery, [61]
Shopkeeping, Joint-Stock, [80]
Sidgwick, Henry, [4], [52], [130]
Sidmouth, Lord, [34]
Six Acts, The, [34]
“Six Centuries of Work and Wages,” [32]
Slave Trade, The, [158]
Slavery, The White, [36]
Slaves Released when not worth keeping, [15]
Smiles, Samuel, [7]
Smith, Adam, [32], [38]
Societies: Failure of previous attempts to establish true, [20]
Societies and Civilizations, [21]
(See also [Society].)
Society: Hypothesis that it is no more than the sum of its Units, [3], [50]
The Matrix of Morality, [96]
Evolution of Primitive, [96], [98], [101], [103], [112]
Industrial, [104]
Parasitic, [106]-[7]
Fashionable, [107]
(See also [Societies].)
Soils, Resort to Inferior, [3]
Somers, Robert, [80]
Social: Utility Divorced from Exchange Value, [18]
Character of Social Changes, [30]
Evolution, [30], [44], [53]
“Social Statics,” [36], [54]
Health, [51]
Organization, [51], [136]
Instinct, [101], [109]
Social Democratic Federation, [169]
Social Democracy and Social Democrat. (See [Socialism] and [Socialist].)
Socialism, [2], [22], [131], [163], [166], [182], [190], [194]-[95]
Economic basis of, [1]
Bearing of Economic Analysis of Individualism on, [22]
Substitutes Meliorism for Pessimism, [24], [200]
Historic Aspect, [26]
“Socialism in England,” [27]
Change in, [27], [119]
Early or Utopian, [27], [30], [119], [136], [160], [164]
Industrial Aspect, [56]
The Capitalist and, [90]
Moral Aspect, [93]
Its Genesis, [96]
New Conception of, [119]
Property under, [119]
Definition of pure, [131]
Industry under, [136]
Change from Individualism to, [137], [157]
Local machinery of, [139], [169]
Dirty Work under, [145]
Transition to, [157]
Practical difficulties of, [163]
Honesty of, [164]
Must be introduced gradually, [166]
Solution of the Compensation difficulty, [175]
Effect on Rent, [177]
Friction caused by introduction of, [178]
Outlook toward, [184]
Prince Bismarck’s view of, [192]
The Liberal Party and, [192]
True and False, [193]-[4]
Two views of the future of, [195]
Practical politicians and, [196]
(See also the Index Generally.)
Socialist Politics, [47]
Programme, [48]
Formation of party, [198]
Socialists and the police, [100]
Early (See [Utopian Socialism]).
The mot d’ordre for, [139]
Social Democrats fall into line as a political party, [170]
The Radical Press and, [195]
Parliament and, [197]
Future leader for, [199]
Spencer, Herbert, [36], [41], [47], [58], [95], [160], [169]
St. Matthew, Guild of, [39]
Standard Oil Trust, [85]
“Star, The,” [48]
State: Social Democratic, [2]
Functions under Socialism, [149]
Corruption of the, [164]
Whig conception of the, [165]
Conception of the perfect, [165]
Decentralization in the Social Democratic, [170]
Private Property and the, [190]
Attitude of parties towards the, [190]
Idea and content of the, [191]
The working-class and the, [191]
Statistics and Statisticians, [173]
Steam applied to cotton spinning, [59]
Stuart, Professor James, [48]
Subletting of Tenant Right, [5]
Subsistence Wages, Rationale of, [16]
Sunday: Hypocrisies of church going, [5]
The English, [133]
Sunderland, [46]
Supply and Demand: Action of, [8], [179]
Value decreases with Supply, [10]
Final effect on wage-labor, [16], [17]
Sweating, How to defeat, [175]
Sweeping Chimneys: Replacement of boy labor by machinery in, [146]
Syndicate of Copper Cornerers, [84]
Synthesis: The old, [31], [157]
The new, [50]

Talent, Career open to, [7]
Taxation: Reform, [48]
Of ground values, [171]
Novel character of recent demands for, [172]
Telegraphs, Socialization of, [139]
Ten Hours’ Bill, The, [69]
Tenant Rights: Perpetual, [4], [5], [6]
Replaced by finite leases, [8]
Tennyson, Alfred, [68]
Test and Corporation Acts repealed, [34]
Theatres, Communal, [135]
Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de, [29]
Tory of fifty years ago, [188]-[9]
Absorption of the party, [189]
Tonquin, French policy in, [75]
“Total Utility,” [11]
Toynbee, Arnold, [33]
Trade: Secrets of, [14]
Discredit and rehabilitation of as a pursuit for the nobility and gentry, [108]
Trade Unions, [48], [132], [168]
Wages in, [141]
Royal Commission (1869), [169]
Trafalgar Square: The police in, [100], [174]
The Fountains in, [107]
Traffic in Men, [9]
Tramways, Socialization of, [46], [139]
Transition to Social Democracy, [157]
Truck Acts, [41]
Trusts, [14], [138], [143], [185]
Tucker, Benjamin R., [160]
Turgot, A. R. J., [161]
Two-man power more than double One-man power, [3]

Unemployed: Their existence a proof that the labor they could replace has no exchange value, [139]
Social pressure created by the, [172]
United States: Results of Individualism plus political liberty in the, [21]
Declaration of Independence, [60]
Growth of Monopoly in the, [78]
Extent to which monopoly has gone in the, [82]
Unskilled Labor, Fate of, [112]
Unsocialism, [2]
Utilitarian questioning and scientific answering, [23]
Utilitarians, The, [38]
Utility: Its relation to Value, [10]
“Total Utility,” “Marginal,” or “Final Utility,” [11], [12]
Divorce from Exchange Value, [19]
Utopian Socialism, [27], [30], [119], [136], [160], [164]