[CONTENTS.]

List of IllustrationsPage [265]
Introductory[269]
Divisions of gesture speech[270]
The origin of sign language[273]
Gestures of the lower animals[275]
Gestures of young children[276]
Gestures in mental disorder[276]
Uninstructed deaf-mutes[277]
Gestures of the blind[278]
Loss of speech by isolation[278]
Low tribes of man[279]
Gestures as an occasional resource[279]
Gestures of fluent talkers[279]
Involuntary response to gestures[280]
Natural pantomime[280]
Some theories upon primitive language[282]
Conclusions[284]
History of gesture language[285]
Modern use of gesture speech[293]
Use by other peoples than North American Indians[294]
Use by modern actors and orators[308]
Our Indian conditions favorable to sign language[311]
Theories entertained respecting Indian signs[313]
Not correlated with meagerness of language[314]
Its origin from one tribe or region[316]
Is the Indian system special and peculiar?[319]
To what extent prevalent as a system[323]
Are signs conventional or instinctive?[340]
Classes of diversities in signs[341]
Results sought in the study of sign language[346]
Practical application[346]
Relations to philology[349]
Sign language with reference to grammar[359]
Gestures aiding archæologic research[368]
Notable points for further researches[387]
Invention of new signs[387]
Danger of symbolic interpretation[388]
Signs used by women and children[391]
Positive signs rendered negative[391]
Details of positions of fingers[392]
Motions relative to parts of the body[393]
Suggestions for collecting signs[394]
Mode in which researches have been made[395]
List of authorities and collaborators[401]
Algonkian[403]
Dakotan[404]
Iroquoian[405]
Kaiowan[406]
Kutinean[406]
Panian[406]
Piman[406]
Sahaptian[406]
Shoshonian[406]
Tinnean[407]
Wichitan[407]
Zuñian[407]
Foreign correspondence[407]
Extracts from dictionary[409]
Tribal signs[458]
Proper names[476]
Phrases[479]
Dialogues[486]
Tendoy-Huerito Dialogue.[486]
Omaha Colloquy.[490]
Brulé Dakota Colloquy.[491]
Dialogue between Alaskan Indians.[492]
Ojibwa Dialogue.[499]
Narratives[500]
Nátci’s Narrative.[500]
Patricio’s Narrative.[505]
Na-wa-gi-jig’s Story.[508]
Discourses[521]
Address of Kin Chē-Ĕss.[521]
Tso-di-a´-ko’s Report.[524]
Lean Wolf’s Complaint.[526]
Signals[529]
Signals executed by bodily action[529]
Signals in which objects are used in connection with personal action[532]
Signals made when the person of the signalist is not visible[536]
Smoke Signals Generally[536]
Smoke Signals of the Apaches[538]
Foreign Smoke Signals[539]
Fire Arrows[540]
Dust Signals[541]
Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho Signals[542]
Scheme of illustration[544]
Outlines for arm positions in sign language[545]
Order of arrangement[546]
Types of hand positions in sign language[547]
Examples[550]

[ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.]

Fig. [61.]Affirmation, approving.Old RomanPage 286
[62.]Approbation.Neapolitan286
[63.]Affirmation, approbation.N.A. Indian286
[64.]Group.Old Greek.Facing 289
[65.]Negation.Dakota290
[66.]Love.Modern Neapolitan290
[67.]Group.Old Greek.Facing 290
[68.]Hesitation.Neapolitan291
[69.]Wait.N.A. Indian291
[70.]Question, asking.Neapolitan291
[71.]Tell me.N.A. Indian291
[72.]Interrogation.Australian291
[73.]Pulcinella292
[74.]Thief.Neapolitan292
[75.]Steal.N.A. Indian293
[76.]Public writer.Neapolitan group.Facing 296
[77.]Money.Neapolitan297
[78.]“Hot Corn.”Neapolitan Group.Facing 297
[79.]“Horn” sign.Neapolitan298
[80.]Reproach.Old Roman298
[81.]Marriage contract.Neapolitan group.Facing 298
[82.]Negation.Pai-Ute sign299
[83.]Coming home of bride.Neapolitan group.Facing 299
[84.]Pretty.Neapolitan300
[85.]“Mano in fica.”Neapolitan300
[86.]Snapping the fingers.Neapolitan300
[87.]Joy, acclamation300
[88.]Invitation to drink wine300
[89.]Woman’s quarrel.Neapolitan Group.Facing 301
[90.]Chestnut vender.Facing 301
[91.]Warning.Neapolitan302
[92.]Justice.Neapolitan302
[93.]Little.Neapolitan302
[94.]Little.N.A. Indian302
[95.]Little.N.A. Indian302
[96.]Demonstration.Neapolitan302
[97.]“Fool.”Neapolitan303
[98.]“Fool.”Ib.303
[99.]“Fool.”Ib.303
[100.]Inquiry.Neapolitan303
[101.]Crafty, deceitful.Neapolitan303
[102.]Insult.Neapolitan304
[103.]Insult.Neapolitan304
[104.]Silence.Neapolitan304
[105.]Child.Egyptian hieroglyph304
[106.]Negation.Neapolitan305
[107.]Hunger.Neapolitan305
[108.]Mockery.Neapolitan305
[109.]Fatigue.Neapolitan305
[110.]Deceit.Neapolitan305
[111.]Astuteness, readiness.Neapolitan305
[112.]Tree.Dakota, Hidatsa343
[113.]To grow.N.A. Indian343
[114.]Rain.Shoshoni, Apache344
[115.]Sun.N.A. Indian344
[116.]Sun.Cheyenne344
[117.]Soldier.Arikara345
[118.]No, negation.Egyptian355
[119.]Negation.Maya356
[120.]Nothing.Chinese356
[121.]Child.Egyptian figurative356
[122.]Child.Egyptian linear356
[123.]Child.Egyptian hieratic356
[124.]Son.Ancient Chinese356
[125.]Son.Modern Chinese356
[126.]Birth.Chinese character356
[127.]Birth.Dakota356
[128.]Birth, generic.N.A. Indians357
[129.]Man.Mexican357
[130.]Man.Chinese character357
[131.]Woman.Chinese character357
[132.]Woman.Ute357
[133.]Female, generic.Cheyenne357
[134.]To give water.Chinese character357
[135.]Water, to drink.N.A. Indian357
[136.]Drink.Mexican357
[137.]Water.Mexican357
[138.]Water, giving.Egypt358
[139.]Water.Egyptian358
[140.]Water, abbreviated358
[141.]Water.Chinese character358
[142.]To weep.Ojibwa pictograph358
[143.]Force, vigor.Egyptian358
[144.]Night.Egyptian358
[145.]Calling upon.Egyptian figurative359
[146.]Calling upon.Egyptian linear359
[147.]To collect, to unite.Egyptian359
[148.]Locomotion.Egyptian figurative359
[149.]Locomotion.Egyptian linear359
[150.]Shuⁿ´-ka Lu´-ta.Dakota365
[151.]“I am going to the east.”Abnaki369
[152.]“Am not gone far.”Abnaki369
[153.]“Gone far.”Abnaki370
[154.]“Gone five days’ journey.”Abnaki370
[155.]Sun.N.A. Indian370
[156.]Sun.Egyptian370
[157.]Sun.Egyptian370
[158.]Sun with rays.Ib.371
[159.]Sun with rays.Ib.371
[160.]Sun with rays.Moqui pictograph371
[161.]Sun with rays.Ib.371
[162.]Sun with rays.Ib.371
[163.]Sun with rays.Ib.371
[164.]Star.Moqui pictograph371
[165.]Star.Moqui pictograph371
[166.]Star.Moqui pictograph371
[167.]Star.Moqui pictograph371
[168.]Star.Peruvian pictograph371
[169.]Star.Ojibwa pictograph371
[170.]Sunrise.Moqui do.371
[171.]Sunrise.Ib.371
[172.]Sunrise.Ib.371
[173.]Moon, month.Californian pictograph371
[174.]Pictograph, including sun.Coyotero Apache372
[175.]Moon.N.A. Indian372
[176.]Moon.Moqui pictograph372
[177.]Moon.Ojibwa pictograph372
[178.]Sky.Ib.372
[179.]Sky.Egyptian character372
[180.]Clouds.Moqui pictograph372
[181.]Clouds.Ib.372
[182.]Clouds.Ib.372
[183.]Cloud.Ojibwa pictograph372
[184.]Rain.New Mexican pictograph373
[185.]Rain.Moqui pictograph373
[186.]Lightning.Moqui pictograph373
[187.]Lightning.Ib.373
[188.]Lightning, harmless.Pictograph at Jemez, N.M.373
[189.]Lightning, fatal.Do.373
[190.]Voice.“The-Elk-that-hollows-walking”373
[191.]Voice. Antelope.Cheyenne drawing373
[192.]Voice, talking.Cheyenne drawing374
[193.]Killing the buffalo.Cheyenne drawing375
[194.]Talking.Mexican pictograph376
[195.]Talking, singing.Maya character376
[196.]Hearing ears.Ojibwa pictograph376
[197.]“I hear, but your words are from a bad heart.”Ojibwa376
[198.]Hearing serpent.Ojibwa pictograph376
[199.]Royal edict.Maya377
[200.]To kill.Dakota377
[201.]“Killed Arm.”Dakota377
[202.]Pictograph, including “kill.”Wyoming Ter.378
[203.]Pictograph, including “kill.”Wyoming Ter.378
[204.]Pictograph, including “kill.”Wyoming Ter.379
[205.]Veneration.Egyptian character379
[206.]Mercy. Supplication, favor.Egyptian379
[207.]Supplication.Mexican pictograph380
[208.]Smoke.Ib.380
[209.]Fire.Ib.381
[210.]“Making medicine.” Conjuration.Dakota381
[211.]Meda.Ojibwa pictograph381
[212.]The God Knuphis.Egyptian381
[213.]The God Knuphis.Ib.381
[214.]Power.Ojibwa pictograph381
[215.]Meda’s Power.Ib.381
[216.]Trade pictograph382
[217.]Offering.Mexican pictograph382
[218.]Stampede of horses.Dakota382
[219.]Chapultepec.Mexican pictograph383
[220.]Soil.Ib.383
[221.]Cultivated soil.Ib.383
[222.]Road, path.Ib.383
[223.]Cross-roads and gesture sign.Mexican pictograph383
[224.]Small-pox or measles.Dakota383
[225.]“No thoroughfare.”Pictograph383
[226.]Raising of war party.Dakota384
[227.]“Led four war parties.”Dakota drawing384
[228.]Sociality. Friendship.Ojibwa pictograph384
[229.]Peace. Friendship.Dakota384
[230.]Peace. Friendship with whites.Dakota385
[231.]Friendship.Australian385
[232.]Friend.Brulé Dakota386
[233.]Lie, falsehood.Arikara393
[234.]Antelope.Dakota410
[235.]Running Antelope.Personal totem410
[236.]Bad.Dakota411
[237.]Bear.Cheyenne412
[238.]Bear.Kaiowa, etc.413
[239.]Bear.Ute413
[240.]Bear.Moqui pictograph413
[241.]Brave.N.A. Indian414
[242.]Brave.Kaiowa, etc.415
[243.]Brave.Kaiowa, etc.415
[244.]Chief. Head of tribe.Absaroka418
[245.]Chief. Head of tribe.Pai-Ute418
[246.]Chief of a band.Absaroka and Arikara419
[247.]Chief of a band.Pai-Ute419
[248.]Warrior.Absaroka, etc.420
[249.]Ojibwa gravestone, including “dead”422
[250.]Dead.Shoshoni and Banak422
[251.]Dying.Kaiowa, etc.424
[252.]Nearly dying.Kaiowa424
[253.]Log house.Hidatsa428
[254.]Lodge.Dakota430
[255.]Lodge.Kaiowa, etc.431
[256.]Lodge.Sahaptin431
[257.]Lodge.Pai-Ute431
[258.]Lodge.Pai-Ute431
[259.]Lodge.Kutchin431
[260.]Horse.N.A. Indian434
[261.]Horse.Dakota434
[262.]Horse.Kaiowa, etc.435
[263.]Horse.Caddo435
[264.]Horse.Pima and Papago435
[265.]Horse.Ute435
[266.]Horse.Ute435
[267.]Saddling a horse.Ute437
[268.]Kill.N.A. Indian438
[269.]Kill.Mandan and Hidatsa439
[270.]Negation. No.Dakota441
[271.]Negation. No.Pai-Ute442
[272.]None.Dakota443
[273.]None.Australian444
[274.]Much, quantity.Apache447
[275.]Question.Australian449
[276.]Soldier.Dakota and Arikara450
[277.]Trade.Dakota452
[278.]Trade.Dakota452
[279.]Buy.Ute453
[280.]Yes, affirmation.Dakota456
[281.]Absaroka tribal sign.Shoshoni458
[282.]Apache tribal sign.Kaiowa, etc.459
[283.]Apache tribal sign.Pima and Papago459
[284.]Arikara tribal sign.Arapaho and Dakota461
[285.]Arikara tribal sign.Absaroka461
[286.]Blackfoot tribal sign.Dakota463
[287.]Blackfoot tribal sign.Shoshoni464
[288.]Caddo tribal sign.Arapaho and Kaiowa464
[289.]Cheyenne tribal sign.Arapaho and Cheyenne464
[290.]Dakota tribal sign.Dakota467
[291.]Flathead tribal sign.Shoshoni468
[292.]Kaiowa tribal sign.Comanche470
[293.]Kutine tribal sign.Shoshoni471
[294.]Lipan tribal sign.Apache471
[295.]Pend d’Oreille tribal sign.Shoshoni473
[296.]Sahaptin or Nez Percé tribal sign.Comanche473
[297.]Shoshoni tribal sign.Shoshoni474
[298.]Buffalo.Dakota477
[299.]Eagle Tail.Arikara477
[300.]Eagle Tail.Moqui pictograph477
[301.]Give me.Absaroka480
[302.]Counting. How many?Shoshoni and Banak482
[303.]I am going home.Dakota485
[304.]Question.Apache486
[305.]Shoshoni tribal sign.Shoshoni486
[306.]Chief.Shoshoni487
[307.]Cold, winter, year.Apache487
[308.]“Six.”Shoshoni487
[309.]Good, very well.Apache487
[310.]Many.Shoshoni488
[311.]Hear, heard.Apache488
[312.]Night.Shoshoni489
[313.]Rain.Shoshoni489
[314.]See each other.Shoshoni490
[315.]White man, American.Dakota491
[316.]Hear, heard.Dakota492
[317.]Brother.Pai-Ute502
[318.]No, negation.Pai-Ute503
[319.]Scene of Na-wa-gi-jig’s story.Facing 508
[320.]We are friends.Wichita521
[321.]Talk, talking.Wichita521
[322.]I stay, or I stay right here.Wichita521
[323.]A long time.Wichita522
[324.]Done, finished.Do.522
[325.]Sit down.Australian523
[326.]Cut down.Wichita524
[327.]Wagon.Wichita525
[328.]Load upon.Wichita525
[329.]White man; American.Hidatsa526
[330.]With us.Hidatsa526
[331.]Friend.Hidatsa527
[332.]Four.Hidatsa527
[333.]Lie, falsehood.Hidatsa528
[334.]Done, finished.Hidatsa528
[335.]Peace, friendship.Hualpais.Facing 530
[336.]Question, ans’d by tribal sign for Pani.Facing 531
[337.]Buffalo discovered.Dakota.Facing 532
[338.]Discovery.Dakota.Facing 533
[339.]Success of war party.Pima.Facing 538
[340.]Outline for arm positions, full face545
[341.]Outline for arm positions, profile545
[342a.]Types of hand positions, A to L547
[342b.]Types of hand positions, M to Y548
[343.]Example. To cut with an ax550
[344.]Example. A lie550
[345.]Example. To ride551
[346.]Example. I am going home551

SIGN LANGUAGE