An Account of Fishing. | He Moolelo no ka Lawaia. |
There were gods of fishing from the very beginning of fishing to this day; from theearliest fisherman to those of the present time they still serve them for the successof their vocation. Here are the names of the gods of fishing: Kuula was the husband;Hina was the wife, and Aiai the son. Alea in Hana, Maui, was the place of residence.During the time Kahoalii was reigning as king of Hana, Maui, with his place of residenceon the hill of Kauiki, and his fishers being the Kuula family, Kahoalii one day senthis attendants to bring [him] some fish. This was the king’s customary practice tillhe became angered at the fishermen. | He Mau akua ko ka lawaia, mai ka hoomaka ana o ka lawaia a hiki i keia la, mai kapoe lawaia mua a ka poe lawaia o keia mau la, a ke malama nei no na lawaia o keiamau la, i pono no ka lakou hana. Eia na inoa o na akua lawaia: O Kuula ke kane, oHina ka wahine, o Aiai ke keiki; o Alea, ma Hana, Maui, ka aina noho. I loko o iakau e alii ana o Kahoalii no Hana, a o kona wahi noho, o ka puu o Kauiki, a o kanamau lawaia, o Kuula ma. Hoouna aku la o Kahoalii i kona mau kahu e kii i ia; pelano ka hana mau ana a ke ’lii a hiki i kona huhu ana i na lawaia. |
When the attendants went before Kuula and Hina they (the latter) gave them fish whichwas a kahala.[1] They told the attendants in a straightforward manner as follows: “You two go backand tell the king to rip open the fish, salt the meat, roast the bone in the undergroundoven, and when cooked eat it, because it is a swollen[2] time.” | I ka hele ana aku a na kahu i mua o Kuula a me Hina, haawi mai la laua i ka ia hekahala. A olelo mai laua me ka pololei i na kahu penei: “E hoi olua a ke ’lii oleloaku, e kaha ka ia, e kopi ka io, e kalua ka iwi i ka umu, a moa, ai, no ka mea, heau-pehu.” |
Bring, O Kama, The fish of victory. Here is Hana, A swollen land. | E kai e Kama, Ka ia o lanakila, Eia o Hana la, He aina au pehu. |
These were the words of the fishermen to the attendants of Kahoalii. When they cameinto the presence of the King, Kahoalii, they spoke with falsehood and deceit. Thisis what the attendants said: “Your fishermen said to salt your flesh, and roast yourhead and bones in the oven.” | Oia na olelo a na lawaia, i na kahu o Kahoalii. A hiki na kahu i mua o ke ’lii, oKahoalii, olelo aku la me ka hoopunipuni, a me ka epa. Eia ka olelo a na kahu: “Olelomai nei au lawaia, e kopi ko io, e hoolua ko poo a me ko iwi i ka umu.” |
When the king heard these deceitful words of his attendants, he was enraged and orderedthat the fisherfolks die, who were Kuula and Hina. The people went by order of theking to destroy Kuula’s house by fire. However, Kuula and Hina had supernatural powers,and heard of their [own] demise by the king. They therefore prepared three small gourdcalabashes, to be exploded in the fire, in order that they might not be killed. | I ka lohe ana o ke ’lii i keia mau olelo epa a kona mau kahu, huhu iho la ia, a kenaaku la e make na lawaia, oia o Kuula a me Hina. Hele aku la na kanaka ma ke kauohaa ke ’lii, e puhi i ka hale o Kuula i ke ahi. Eia nae, he ano akua ko Kuula a me Hina,a ua lohe no i keia make o lakou i ke ’lii. Nolaila, hoomakaukau iho la ia i ekoluuli-liilii, (oia he ipu liilii) i mea hoopahu i ke ahi, i ole lakou e make. |
Kuula, Hina and Aiai were in the house when it was set on fire and the exits closed.Kuula therefore said to the son: “Say, you must live, and we two will die. If thesmoke from the fire settles down towards the mountain, there is where you will gofor a dwelling place, while we two will go and dwell in the sea.” | O Kuula, o Hina, o Aiai, i loko no lakou o ka hale. Puhia ka hale i ke ahi, pani iana puka a paa o ka hale. Nolaila, olelo aku o Kuula i ke keiki: “E! o oe ke ola, omaua ke make. Ina i moe ka uwahi o ke ahi ma uka, malaila oe e hele ai a kahi e nohoai, o maua hoi, e hoi maua i loko o ke kai e noho ai.” |
At the time the fire was burning and enveloping the outside of the house the smokeleaned towards the mountain. Aiai went and lived in a cave at a different location,while the parents went through the smoke which settled down on the sea and dwelt inthe ocean. The three unripe gourds were the things which exploded in the fire, bywhich the king thought the Kuulas had died in the fire, because of the explosionsof these things.[[174]] | I ka wa i a ai ke ahi a puni o waho o ka hale, moe aku la ka uwahi ma aku. Hele akula o Aiai a noho i ke ana, he wahi e aku, a o na makua hoi, hoi aku la laua ma kauwahi e moe ana i loko o ke kai, a loko o ka moana noho. O na uliuli ekolu i hoomakaukauia ai, oia ka mea i poha i loko o ke ahi, a manao iho la ke ’lii ua make o Kuula mai ke ahi, ma ke pahu ana o keia mau mea.[[175]] |
On the departure of Kuula, Hina and Aiai, the fishes were all removed, none remainingin the sea and in the waters adjacent to Hana. No fish whatever could be caught bythe fishermen of Kahoalii, because Kuula and Hina had fish bodies. | Ma keia hele ana o Kuula a me Hina, Aiai, ua lawe ia na ia a pau loa, aohe ia koeo ke kai a me ka moana, e pili ana me Hana. Aole loaa iki ka ia i na lawaia a Kahoalii,no ka mea, he kino ia o Kuula a me Hina. |
As for Aiai, he went to a cave in a low precipice, where he remained in seclusionuntil found by Pilihawawa, who took him as a friend to his house where they remainedtogether. During their companionship their occupation was cultivating the land, butthough they obtained food there was no fish. Aiai told his friend to weave basketsfor the catching of hinalea.[3] So they wove the baskets, and when finished they went down to the rocky seashoreand placed them in position. Then Aiai called on his parents for fish: | O Aiai hoi, hele aku la ia a he wahi ana i ke kipapali kahi i pili ai. Malaila oiai noho pio ai a loaa ia Pilihawawa. Lawe aikane ia e ia a hiki i kona hale, noho ihola laua. Mahope o keia noho ana he mahiai ka laua hana, a loaa ka ai, aohe ia. Oleloaku o Aiai i ke aikane, e ulana hinai hooluuluu hinalea. Ulana iho la laua a paa,iho aku la laua a hiki i kaheka kai, kukulu iho la i ka hinai, a kahea aku la o Aiaii ka ia i na makua: |
O Kuula and Hina, Send the fish in, The young hinalea and the opule.[4] | E Kuula a me Hina E hookomo mai olua i ka ia. O ka pua hinalea, a me ka opule. |
Hina said to Kuula: “Give some fish for our son.” At this time the basket was standingin place and the fishes came into it until it overflowed, the basket being quite full.So the friend Pilihawawa collected the fish and placed them on dry land. Kuula, however,sent in the surfs which, breaking, carried all the fish back into the sea, the fishwhich were placed in the container only remained. That was the method of fishing andthe origin of [Kuula] fishermen which continues to this day. Hina is a real stone,which exists to this day. It controls certain fishes. Here are the names: the aku,[5] the akule,[6] the oio,[7] the moi,[8] the a’u,[9] the manini.[10] | I aku o Hina ia Kuula: “E haawi ae oe i ia na ka kaua keiki.” I loko o keia wa e kuana ka hinai, ua komo ka ia a hu i waho, ua piha loa i ka ia. Nolaila, ohi ae la keaikane o Pilihawawa i ka ia a waiho i ke one maloo. Hoouna mai la no o Kuula i kanalu, popoi iho la no pau loa ka ia i ka moana. O na ia i malama ia i loko o ka ipukoe. Pela ke ano o ka lawaia ana a me ka hoomaka ana o ka poe lawaia a hiki i keiala. He pohaku maoli o Hina e waiho nei a hiki i keia la, a he mau ia kona, eia nainoa: O ke aku, o ke akule, o ka oio, o ka moi, o ke au, o ka manini. |
Kuula and Aiai are in the same class; they are both fish stones,[11] and have certain sacredness to this day. Reddish things are sacred to Kuula, suchas the red dye, and the red waist cloth, and everything of a reddish hue, and so on.Therefore through Kuula all the different methods of fishing and the fishes becameestablished throughout these islands; hence, the instructor in fishing. | Pela no o Kuula a me Aiai, he mau pohaku ia no, a he mau kapu no ko lakou a hiki ikeia la. He kapu na mea ulaula ia Kuula, oia ka puakai, ka pukohukohu, kela mea ulakeia mea ula, a pela aku no. Nolaila, ma o Kuula ala i laha ai na lawaia a pau loaa me na ia ma keia mau mokupuni; a no loko mai o laila na kumu o ka lawaia. |
There are many various methods and divisions in fishing; a different method in shallowwater, and in deep water, and a different method again in the fishing grounds midocean.There are also various ways of catching fish in the vocation of fishing, that of thenight differing from that of the day; of the morning from that of the evening, ashahamau, iniiniki, kikomo, kamakoi, kiolaola, hoauau, hooluuluu, o, moemoe; by canoe fishing with net; hiaku, kapae, kakauhu, squid catching, and so forth; by bait, with hook and line, rod, stone, wood andso forth. | He nui ke ano a me na mahele ana o ka lawaia, he okoa ko ka papau, he okoa ko ka hohonu,he okoa ko na koa o ka moana loa. He nui no hoi na mahele e make ai ka ia maloko oka lawaia, he okoa ko ka po i ko ke ao, o ke kakahiaka i ke ahiahi; he hahamau, heiniiniki, he kikomo, he kamakoi, he kiolaola, he hoauau, he hooluuluu, he o, he moemoe,he lawaia waa, he upena, he hiaku, he kapae, he kaka uhu, he luhee, a pela aku; hemaunu, he makau, he aho, he makoi, he pohaku, he laau, a pela aku no. |
The fishing seasons varied during the year, and were not always on the same time;there were auguries by which the proper time for fishing might be discerned, and notgo fishing without any foreknowledge. Certain kinds of fishing were under restrictions,while others were unrestrained; single-handed fishing and fishing in parties; somewith canoe, and some without canoe.[[176]] | He loli na kau e lawaia ai i loko o ka makahiki, aohe mau ma ka manawa hookahi, hemau hoailona kekahi e maopopo ai ka wa kupono e lawaia ai, aole e lawaia me ka maopopoole mamua. He kapu kekahi lawaia ana, a he noa kekahi; hookahi kanaka e lawaia ai,a he nui ma kekahi lawaia ana; he waa kekahi he waa ole kekahi.[[177]] |
FISHING AND METHODS OF FISHING.—DRY (OR SHORE) FISHING. | KA LAWAIA A ME NA IA.—NA LAWAIA O KA MALOO. |
1. Hahamau.[12] This method of fishing is done on moonlight nights. When the moon rises the tideebbs; then the women go fishing along the shore; along the rocky ledges and boulders,and coral reefs where the surf breaks. This mode of fishing is by feeling with thehands, with the fingers curved.[13] These are the fishes caught: heepali,[14] olali,[15] hou,[16] awela,[17] niholoa,[18] mananalo,[19] paolakei,[20] paokauwila,[20] paoluahine.[20] | 1. Hahamau. I ka po mahina e lawaia ai. Ina puka ka mahina, kai make ke kai, alaila,hele na wahine e lawaia ma uka ma ka pa ala a ma kaheka, a me na papa holo a ka nalu.O keia lawaia, he haha me na lima, he pupuu na manamana, eia na ia e loaa: heepali,olali, hou, awela, niholoa, mananalo, paolakei, paokauwila, paoluahine. |
2. Holoholo.[21] Fishing with a net, going to and fro along shore. The name of the net is holoholo, [formed of] a piece of wood two fathoms long with the net tied in a circular mannerto the wood, which is flexible, called alahee.[22] The place where the sea ebbs swiftly is the place where the net is to be let down.One person holds the net and one drives the fish. Fishes to be [thus] caught are:Uhu,[23] kala,[24] uwouwoa,[25] manini,[26] nenue.[27] | 2. Holoholo. He lawaia mauka me ka upena e holoholo ai, o ka inoa o ia upena, holoholo.Elua anana ka loa o ka laau, me ka upena ma ke poo i haku poepoe ia i ka laau, oluke hoopio ae. He alahee ka inoa. O kahi e mio ana ke kai o ke kaheka, oia kahi e kuuai ka upena. Hookahi kanaka me ka upena, hookahi ma ke kapeku i ka ia. Na ia e loaa.He uhu, he kala, he uwouwoa, he manini, he nenue. |
3. A standing aloiloi net. There is no place where it can not be cast, being adapted to both deep and shallowsea fishing. The fisherman stands on the shore and casts the net. These are the fishesof this net: Aloiloi, hinalea,[28] lauhau.[29] | 3. He upena kukulu aloiloi. Aohe wahi kuu ole, ua pono keia i kahi hohonu a me kapapau. I uka no e ku ai lawaia, hoolei aku ka upena. Eia na ia o keia upena: He aloiloi,hinalea, lauhau. |
4. Eel snatching. Here is the method: It is hand fishing, the bait being held in theright hand, the left hand snatching [the eel]. These are the baits: Aama,[30] paiea (rock crabs), and heepali. The place for this kind of fishing is along the black rocky seashore, the same asKohala’s coast. There the fishing is done at high tide and when the sea is boisterous.The only fish to be caught is the eel. | 4. Ka inikiiniki puhi. Penei ke ano: I ka lima ka lawaia ana, i ka lima akau ka maunu,i ka lima hema ka iniki. Eia na maunu: Aama, paiea, heepali. O kahi e lawaia ai, oka pa ala uliuli, e like me ko Kohala ano. Malaila e lawaia ai i ka wa hohonu a kaikooo ke kai. O ka ia e loaa; o ka puhi wale no. |
5. The kikomo.[31] It is a hook placed at the head of a short rod one fathom in length. The place forfishing is a cleft in the rocks. Eels also are the fish to be caught. | 5. O ke kikomo. He makau i kau ia ma ke poo o kekahi laau pokole, hookahi anana kaloa. O kahi e lawaia ai, o ka mawae o ka ala. He puhi no ka ia e loaa. |
6. Angling. The fishing rod is three fathoms long, made of bambu, and of hau. The cord is also three fathoms long. Aama, ina (sea eggs), pea (starfish), and heepali is the bait used. The place of fishing is at a headland or other suitable place.Fishes to be caught by this method of fishing are: uhu, halahala,[32] hou, aawa,[33] oopukai,[34] hinalea, aniholoa,[35] awela.[36] | 6. Ke kamakoi. Ekolu anana ka loa o ke kamakoi (he laau) ohe, a he hau. Ekolu no hoianana ka loa o ke aho, he aama, he ina, he pea, he heepali, ka maunu. O kahi e lawaiaai, he lae, he wahi e ae no hoi e kupono ana. Na ia e loaa i keia lawaia ana: He uhu,he halahala, he hou, he aawa, he oopukai, he hinalea, he aniholoa, he awela. |
7. Kaee. The net is called nae, a net of very small mesh, and the place of fishing is the rocky floors covered witha very thin sheet of water. All kinds of small [[178]]fishes are taken in by this net, such as ohua,[37] paoo,[38] aholehole,[39] baby maninis, and so forth. | 7. Kaee. He nae ka upena, he upena makalii loa, ma ke kaheka e lawaia ai. O [[179]]na ia liilii a pau loa ka ia upena e ohi ai. Eia na inoa: Ohua, paoo, aholehole, puamanini, a pela aku no. |
8. Basket. This is woven in the manner of wicker chairs, with the opening on the top,and standing about one foot high. Wana,[40] ina and haukeuke[41] are used as bait. The place of this method of fishing is in the sea, in coral, flatbottom and rocky places. The basket is placed in position and the man swims away.When the fishes enter [the basket] the man collects them. The fish caught is hinalea only, and no other kind. | 8. Hinai. He mea i ulana ia e like me ka noho ie, a hamama ka waha i luna, hookahikapuai ke kiekie, “He wana, he ina, he haukeuke, o ia na maunu.” O kona wahi e lawaiaai, malalo o ke kai, ma kahi pukoakoa, ma kahi papa, ma kahi pa ala. Kukulu ka hinai,au ke kanaka ma kahi e, a komo ka ia, kii aku ke kanaka. Eia ka ia, he hinalea waleno, aohe ia e ae. |
9. Basket with a large opening. A large basket, two feet high, for deep sea fishing.These are the fishes caught: Panuhunuhu,[42] halahala, uhu. | 9. Hinai puka nui. He hinai nui, elua kapuai ke kiekie, no ka hohonu ia, eia na ia:He panuhunuhu, he halahala, he uhu. |
10. Uluulu net. Two sticks each a yard long, the net a yard wide. The place for fishing is inthe sea. The fishes are in holes; there is where this net is used. One man holds thenet on one side of the hole, and another man with a pole stirs up the water in thehole to drive the fish into the net. The fish to be caught are the kumu,[43] the uhu, and so forth. | 10. Upena uluulu. Elua laau, he iwilei ka loa, he iwilei no ka laula o ka upena. Okahi e lawaia ai, i loko no o ke kai, he lua kahi o na ia e noho ai, malaila keiaupena. Hookahi kanaka me ka upena ma kekahi aoao o ka lua, hookahi kanaka me ka pulae oo ai i ka lua, i holo mai na ia, a komo i ka upena; o na ia e loaa, o ke kumu,ka uhu, a pela aku. |
11. The sea net. This net is called by fishermen, the “mouth of a shark;” the uluulu net (No. 10) the “belly of the shark,” and the hinalea fishing basket (No. 8) the “eye of the shark.” In these kinds of fishing fishermenare liable to be eaten by sharks, hence the expressions. The placing of the net isdone down in the deep sea. One dives down, clears away the rocks and places the netin position, then the fish enter. | 11. Ka upena kai. O keia upena, ua kapa ia e na lawaia ka waha o ka mano. O ka upenauluulu hoi he opu no ka mano, o ka hinai hinalea, he maka no ka mano. O keia mau lawaiahe pau i ka mano, nolaila, olelo ia pela. O kahi e ku ai o ka upena, o lalo o ka hohonu,luu a lalo, ohi ae ke “a” a kaawale, kukulu iho ka upena, alaila komo ka ia. |
12. Spearing. It is a long pole, three yards long, with a very sharp-pointed pieceof iron[44] half an arm’s length at one end. This method of fishing is not suited to those whodo not know how to dive, but only to those who are long-winded in diving and knowhow to spear. A fisherman dives and stays down, and the way he stays down is by graspingthe bottom with one hand, while the other holds the spear, watching for a fish tocome around, and when it does come in sight it is speared; all kinds of fish in theocean. The length of time it takes to stay down is about half an hour, but in casea shark is encountered, fully one whole hour may be taken in staying down in the deep.How wonderful![45] | 12. Ke o. He laau loihi, ekolu iwilei ka loa, he hao winiwini oioi loa, hookahi hailima ka loa. O keia lawaia, aohe pono i ka poe ike ole i ka luu, aia wale no o kapoe aho loa i ka luu ana a me ke o. Luu a lalo noho, o ke ano o ka noho ana, he kaomikahi lima i lalo, hookahi lima i ke o. Nana o ka ia holo ae, a ike, ia wa e o ai.O na ia a pau loa o ka moana. O ka loihi o ka noho ana i lalo, he hapa hora paha.Ina halawai me ka mano, hookahi hora okoa e noho ai i lalo o ka hohonu, kupanaha maoli. |
13. Drawing net. It is a large net eighteen fathoms long and seven feet wide. It isa net drawn through the sea, two men holding it, while four men drive in the fish. | 13. Upena kuu. He upena nui no ia, he 18 anana ka loa, ehiku iwilei ka laula. He upenaau ia ma ke kai, elua kanaka ia ia ka upena, eha kanaka kapeku i ka ia. |
14. A hulihuli[46] net. It is taken and placed in position in the sea. Then the rocks are turned over,thus driving the fish into the net. | 14. He upena hulihuli. Lawe aku la a loko o ke kai kukulu, huli i ke aa, alaila, holomai a komo i loko o ka upena. |
15. Pakuikui (thrashing) net. A man swims seaward drawing the net, while another man thrashesthe sea from the land side. On account of the noise the fishes run into the net.[[180]] | 15. He upena pakuikui. Ma kai ka upena e au ai o ke kai me ke kanaka. Mauka kekahime ka laau e pakuikui ai. No neia koele holo ka ia a komo i ka upena.[[181]] |
16. Squid spearing. [The fisherman] takes a pole in the sea with which to thrust inthe hole, thereby killing the squid. | 16. Ka o hee. Me ka laau e hele ai i loko o ke kai, e o ai i ka lua, alaila, makeka hee. |
17. The turtle net. It is forty fathoms long and four fathoms wide. Ten men are necessaryto handle this net to despatch a turtle. Not, however, until a turtle is seen floatingon the surface of the sea is the net cast. Sometimes from one to five turtles aretaken at one haul. All these different methods of fishing are done in the sea by divingand wadings in actual person, without canoe. This is a summary of all the differentmethods of fishing in the sea, except by canoes. | 17. Ka upena honu. He kanaha anana ka loa, eha anana ka laula, he umi kanaka ka ponoo keia upena, alaila, make ka honu. Aia nae a ike ia ka honu e lana ana maluna o kekai, alaila, kuu ka upena. Mai ke kahi o na honu a ka elima honu, alaila pau i kahei i ka upena. O keia mau lawaia a pau, maloko o ke kai e luu ai me ke kino maoli,aohe waa. O ka pau keia o na lawaia a pau loa i loko o ke kai, koe na lawaia ma kawaa. |
FISHING FROM CANOE. | NO KA LAWAIA WAA. |
1. Squid fishing. The cowrie shell is the bait, together with a stone. Spurs whichare curved [forming the hook] are fitted behind the shells whereby the squid is caught.The shell and the stone are both alike, the squid will not seize it if the stone isnot identical with the shell; the stone underneath, the shell on top. A stone is cutto resemble the shell [in size and shape]; if the shell is spotted the stone mustbe spotted, and so in all other particulars. If the stone and shell are good and exactlyalike, the squid will seize it. The man who is in the canoe shakes the line in orderto move the shell and stone, which the squid pursues to grip. If the shell is a goodattraction the catch may amount to forty squids, or perhaps a little less. | 1. Luhee. He leho ka maunu a me ka pohaku, he mau kala mahope o na leho, ua hoopioia a kekee, oia ka mea e make ai ka hee. O ka leho a me ka pohaku ua like loa laua,aole e ai ka hee ke like ole ka pohaku me ka leho. Malalo ka pohaku maluna ka leho.Ua kalai ia ka pohaku a like loa me ka leho; he onionio ka leho, he onionio ka pohaku,pela no na ano a pau loa. Ina maikai ka pohaku me ka leho, a like loa, alaila, hahaika hee. O ke kanaka hoi o luna o ka waa, he lulu i ke aho, i oni ka leho me ka pohaku,alaila, hahai ka hee e puliki. Ina he leho ai, alaila, hiki ka nui o na hee i ka kanaha,a emi mai. |
2. Looking for squid. The squid is the fish. A hook with a stone attached formingthe bait are the things that catch it. When fishing, chew the kukui[47] [nuts] and blow it on the sea to calm it whereby the bottom is made clear, and whenthe squid is located the hook is let down. There are several varieties of this fish(the squid), and it has a body which it can transform in various ways; that is whythe kukui is blown over the sea, to calm it and [permit] the squid [to be] plainlyseen. Here are the different forms of the squid at different times: In the morningthe form resembles that of breadfruit, that is, the skin. Toward noon it is red. Inthe afternoon it is brown, similar to seaweed. In the evening it is dark like thecoral. All squid, both large and small, change in the same way. Therefore those whoare not learned in discerning the squid are not fit to go out on this kind of fishing. | 2. Okilo hee. He hee no ka ia, he kakala a me ka pohaku, ua hoopili ia i ka maunu,oia kona mea e make ai. I ka wa e lawaia ai, mama ke kukui a pupuhi i ke kai i malino,a ike ia o lalo, a ike ia ka hee, alaila, kuu iho ke kakala. He nui na ano o keiaia o ka hee, a he nui kona mau kino ke hoololi mai, a oia ke kumu i puhi ia ai kekukui i malino ke kai, a maopopo ka hee. Eia na ano o ka hee, a me na manawa: I kekakahiaka, he ulu ke ano, pela ka ili. A awakea ae, he ula. Aui ka la, eleele anolimu kala. A ahiahi, ano eleele, pukoa. O na hee a pau loa, mai ka hee nui a ka heeliilii, pela ke ano. Nolaila, pono ole ka poe ao ole ia i ka okilo hee. |
3. The lau [net]. This net is fourteen fathoms long and is of two kinds. If the net is fourteenfathoms long many people will take part in the fishing. It means this: Three timesforty fathoms is the length of the rope to which ki leaves are fastened in small bundles. If the net is nine fathoms long the leaf ropeis six times forty fathoms. The dry leaves of the ki plant are used for the purpose, and the bark of the hau[48] is the [[182]]rope. This is done to scare the fishes of the sea.[49] The method of fishing is done in this way: The ki leaves and net are placed in two canoes. Most of the people are on shore pullingthe ki leaf rope, and some in canoes. Thus the fish are driven to a suitable place wherethe net is payed out. Many kinds of fish are caught by this method of fishing. | 3. Ka lau. He umikumamaha anana ka loa o keia upena, elua ano o keia upena. Ina umi-kumamahaanana ka loa o ka upena, he lau lele ka lau. Eia ke ano, he ekolu lau anana ka loao ke kaula pua i ka laki. Ina eiwa anana ka loa o ka upena, eono kanaha ka loa o kalau. He lau maloo o ka laki ka lau, he ilihau ke kaula. Ua hana ia keia mea, [[183]]i mea e makau ai na ia o ke kai. O ka lawaia ana, maluna o na waa ka laki me ka upena,elua waa. Mauka ka nui o na kanaka e huki ai i ka laki. Ma ka waa kekahi. Pela noe a ai i ka ia a kahi maikai, kuu ka upena. He nui loa na ia e make i loko o keiaupena lawaia. |
4. Kawaa net. It is a large net, and three are used in this method of fishing. Each is twentyfathoms long. Three canoes are employed; one canoe is loaded with stones and two withnets. One canoe pays out its net, and so does the other, in opposite direction. Thenthe canoes curve and go inland as the big stones are being thrown down. In this methodmany fishes are caught. | 4. Upena kawaa. He upena nui ia, ekolu upena o keia lawaia, he iwakalua anana ka loao ka upena hookahi, pela na upena ekolu. Ekolu waa, hookahi waa pohaku elua waa upena.Kuu kekahi waa, a pela kekahi waa, alaila, wehe na waa a holo i uka, me ke kiola ona pohaku nui i lalo. Ma keia hana ana ua make na ia he nui. |
5. Large-mouth net. This has appliances called pula,[50] which means, a rope twenty fathoms long, the hala[51] leaves and akia[52] being the pula, which are set one foot apart. These pulas are forty in number, and in some cases more are used. These are used to drive thefish to where the net is located. With this net of the fisherman, the resourcefulnessof man is made apparent. The net is first located at rough or bad places, where thefish mainly gather, and left there. Then the pula is drawn, and the fish, on seeing it, run to the rough place and are all caught inthe net. | 5. Upena waha nui. He pula ko keia, eia ke ano, he iwakalua anana ka loa o ke kaula,he lauhala me ka akia ka pula. He kapuai ke akea mai kekahi pula a kekahi pula, hekanaha ka nui o na pula, a he oi loa aku kekahi. O keia mea i hana ia ai i holo kaia i kahi o ka upena. Ma keia upena a ka lawaia, ua ike ia ko ke kanaka noonoo. Ualawe mua ia ka upena a kahi ino, kahi o na ia e noho nui ai, alaila, waiho ka upena.Ia wa e au ai ka pula, a ike na ia i ka pula, alaila, holo i kahi ino. Ia wa, paulakou i ka hei i ka upena. |
6. Hanging net. Three canoes are employed for this net, one for actual fishing andtwo to carry the nets. One canoe, which is the one on the right-hand side, carriesthe bag, the other canoe is the one on the left-hand side. [In setting the nets] thebelly of the net forms the juncture of the two nets. At the mouth of the side netsthe fishermen dive toward the middle, driving the fish away back in the bag and arethus caught. | 6. Upena hoolewalewa. Ekolu waa o keia upena, hookahi waa lawaia, elua waa upena.I kekahi waa ka eke, oia ka waa akau, a o kekahi waa hoi, he waa hema. O ka eke mawaena, oia ka opu o ka upena, he huina ia o na upena a elua. A ma ka waha o na upenapa e luu ai ke kanaka, a mawaena hoi, alaila, holo ka ia a komo loa i loko o ke eke,pela e make ai. |
7. Pakuikui net. It is the same net as above, with a bag, but with different operations. Polesfour fathoms long are used. When the net is cast at its located place, [[184]]then the poles are thrust in the sea. The fish are thereby frightened into the netin an angry and mighty rush. Such is the method of this fishing. | 7. Upena pakuikui. O kela upena hookahi no, he eke, aka, he okoa na hana, he laauloihi, eha anana ka loa. A paa ka upena i kahi i kukulu ia ai, maua, o na laau ilaloo [[185]]ke kai, makau holo i loko o ka upena, me ka hele huhu ikaika loa, pela ke ano o keialawaia ana. |
8. Flying-fish net. This is a large net, being eighteen fathoms long and six fathomshigh, and the mouth is twelve fathoms long. This is a fine-meshed net. These are thenames of the different kinds of these nets: nukunuku a ula, single mesh, double mesh, triple mesh. Many canoes carry this net, about thirty.Sometimes one canoe carries the net; sometimes five, and so on. The net canoe leadswith six men aboard; the paddle-men are called “flying-fish paddlers.” The canoesare paddled uniformly when encompassing [the fish] without one slacking backward;when near the net the canoes are backed, then the net is drawn in. There are two canoesallotted for receiving the fish, a younger and an elder[53] canoe. The younger canoe is the one belonging to the net owner; the elder canoe isthat belonging to the paddle men. The tally fish belongs to the wife of the net owner.In the net canoe there are three apportionments; the steersman in the stern of thecanoe, the paddler in the bow of the canoe, and the midship paddler. These are thedifferent men who share their apportionment[54] with the net owner. | 8. Upena malolo. He upena nui keia, he umi kumamawalu anana ka loa, eono anana kekiekie. He umi kumamalua anana ka loa o ka waha, he upena makalii keia. Eia na inoai loko o keia upena. He nukunuku a ula, he makahi, he makalua, he makolu. He nui loana waa o keia upena, he kanakolu i kekahi wa hookahi waa upena, a i kekahi wa elimawaa upena, a pela aku. O ka waa upena mamua e hoe ai, eono kanaka o luna; ua kapaia ka poe hoewaa, “he pahoe malolo.” He hoe like na waa i ka hoopuni ana, me ka emiole i hope o kekahi waa, a kokoke i ka upena, alaila, hoemi na waa i hope, alailahuki ka waha o ka upena, pela kona lawaia ana. Elua waa ia, he waa pokii, he waa hiapo.O ka waa pokii, oia ko ka mea upena, o ka waa hiapo, oia ko ka pahoe. O na ia helu,na ka wahine a ka mea upena. I luna o ka waa upena, ekolu mahele: He pale hope, mahopeo ka waa; he pale ihu mamua o ka waa; he honua ma waena. He mau kanaka okoa no keia,he mahele nae ka ia me ka mea upena. |
9. The kapae. This method of fishing is done during windy days. The fish is the flying-fish. Theline is twenty-seven fathoms long. This fish is caught with hook baited with lobster,or flying-fish meat. The wind and tide bear these. This fish, the flying-fish is buoyant on the sea, and so is the line; thus this fish is caught. Thirty and less of theseflying-fish are caught in this method of fishing. | 9. Ke kapae. I loko o ka wa makani keia lawaia ana. He malolo ka ia, o ka loihi oke aho he iwakalua-kumamahiku anana ka loa. He makau ko keia ia, he ula ka maunu,he io malolo. O ka makani ka mea nana e lawe keia me ke au pu, o keia ia o ka malolo,he ia lana i luna o ke kai, a pela ke aho ka lana i luna, pela e make ai keia ia.He kanakolu malolo o keia lawaia e loaa a emi mai no hoi. |
10. The koheoheo. Koheoheo is a piece of wiliwili wood with a live flying-fish attached. The line is five fathoms long, the objectis to allure the dolphin, and when it becomes ferocious the line and hook is thrown.When the fish bites the paddling of the canoe ceases. The dolphin is a very game fishwhen caught with a hook, it is a great struggler and snorts when leaping up. A largefish is a fathom and over, long, and a small fish is muku (four and a half feet). A large fish is called a lapalapa, also ao, having a breadth of a yard from the forehead to the mouth. Here are the differentnames of the dolphin: Lapalapa, oa and papaohe. The principal food of this fish, the dolphin, are flying-fish, lelepo and puhikii. | 10. Koheoheo. He laau wiliwili ke koheoheo, a he malolo ola no hoi. Elima anana kaloa o keia aho. O keia hana he hoowalewale i ka mahimahi, a hae ka mahimahi, alailakuu ke aho me ka makau. A ai ka ia, alaila pau ka hoe ana o ka waa. He ia hae ka mahimahike paa i ka makau, he ia ahai, a he ia puoho e lele ai i luna. He anana a puehu kaia nui, a he muku ka ia liilii. He lapalapa ka ia nui, a he ao kekahi, he iwilei kapalahalaha mai ka lae a ka waha. Eia na inoa o ka mahimahi: He lapalapa, he ao, papaohe.O ka ai a keia ia o ka mahimahi, o ka malolo, o ka lelepo, o ke puhikii. |
11. Kahala[55] fishing. Five times forty fathoms is the length of the line. This fish requires anabundance of line, and hooks also. The abode of this fish is a koa [station or ground]. This fish does not live in any other part of the sea, only ata koa. This is a small mound in the bottom of the ocean; a deep pit is different from this.It is a plain mound not fully cognizant to the fisherman, but by letting down thehook and line it is learned that the koa is good, the hook does not entangle. | 11. Lawaia kahala. Elima kaau anana ka loa o ke aho, he nui ke aho o keia ia, a pelano ka makau, a o kahi noho o keia ia he “koa.” Aole e noho keia ia ma na wahi e aeo ke kai, aia wale no ma ke koa. No ke koa. He wahi ahua i lalo o ka moana, he okoaka hohonu, he okoa keia. He ahua waiho wale, aole nae i ike pono ia e na lawaia, aka,ma ke kuu ana i na makau, a me ke aho i maopopo ai he maikai ke koa, aohe mau o kamakau. |
The koa (station) is a place of great enjoyment by all the kahalas. The size of the station is about the same as that of a small village with housesstanding and the people gathered in crowds. According to the depth to the koa, so is the length of the line. Forty hooks are attached to a line when letting down,some less, some more. A stone [[186]]as large as a poi pounder is at the lowermost end, and from the stone to the [nearest] hook is a distanceof one fathom. As the line hangs perpendicularly so the hooks hang, a yard from onehook to another, and so on till all the forty hooks are fastened. These hooks arecalled kaka, ulaula, koae, lehe, mokuleia. These are the fishes caught on the lower hooks, and on the uppermost hook are thekahala caught. | He wahi lealea nui loa ia ke koa e na kahala a pau loa. Ua like ka nui o ke koa mekekahi kulanakauhale uuku, e ku ana na hale me ka mumulu o na kanaka. E like me kahohonu o ke koa, pela ka loihi o ke aho. He kanaha makau o ke aho hookahi ke kuu,a he emi mai kekahi, a he oi aku kekahi. He pohaku ma ka pikoi o lalo loa, ua likeka nui me ka pohaku kui poi, mai ka pohaku a ka makau hookahi anana ke akea. E likeme ka [[187]]pii pololei ana o ke aho i luna, pela ka makau e kau ai, he iwilei ke kowa mai kekahimakau a kekahi makau, pela no e pii ai a pau na makau he kanaha. O ka inoa o keiamau makau, he kaka, he ulaula, he koae, he lehe, he mokuleia, oia ka ia o na makaumalalo. Ka makau o luna loa, he kahala ka ia. |
Muhee, opelu, and squid, are the baits for the kahala fish when the line is let down for the fish to eat. The shaking of the line indicatesthe biting of the kahala. In this method of fishing, landmarks are necessary to properly identify the station.It could not be found merely by seeking without certain objects on land. The landmarksto be looked for are as follows: Hapuu is the most noted koa in the sea of Alenuihaha, north of Kohala, Hawaii. Hukiaa is the land to which thisstation belongs, and there is a wide extent from the land to this koa of Hapuu, about three miles distant perhaps. It is over five times forty fathomsin depth.[56] | He muhee, he opelu, he hee ka maunu o ke kahala i ka wa e kuu ia ai o ke aho a aika ia. Ma ka oni o ke aho e ike ia ai ua ai ke kahala. He maka ko keia lawaia, e ponoai ke hana; aole e loaa wale ke koa ke huli me na hoike ole ma ka aina. Aia a loaana hoike penei: O Hapuu, he koa kaulana loa, aia ma ka akau o Kohala i Hawaii, make kai o Alenuihaha. O Hukiaa, ka aina nona ua koa nei, ua akea loa mai ka aina ouka, a ke koa o Hapuu, ekolu mile paha ka loa. Elima kaau anana a helelei aku konahohonu, (o ke ano o ke kaau a me ka helelei,) he kanaha anana i ke kaau, helelei,he mau anana keu mawaho o ka umi, a pela aku. |
The landmark to be looked for is Hapuu, in the lowlands of Halawa, which is six milesdistant. It is a temple, built by Kamehameha, called “House of Kaili.” The mark tobe looked for in the uplands is Puuiki, a toboggan slide, which is Upolo, west ofHukiaa. When these come in line, the fishing ground (koa) is located, and that is the only proper mode of fishing for the kahala. | O ka maka o uka e nana ai, o Hapuu i kai o Halawa. Eono mile ka loa. He heiau ia naKamehameha, o Hale o Kaili. O ka honua o uka e nana ai, o Puuiki, he holua, aia iUpolu ma ke komohana o Hukiaa. A kupono keia mau mea, alaila, loaa ke koa e lawaiaai, a pela wale no e pololei ai ka lawaia ana o ke kahala. |
12. Kakauhu. A narrow net not deep, a fathom long, four sticks, the opening being rectangularin shape. An uhu, a live one, is used as a decoy to ensnare the stranger uhu.[57] It is kept secured by a line, and when it becomes tamed the net is cast. That isthe way this fish is caught. | 12. Kakauhu. He upena pananai, aohe hohonu, he anana ka loa, eha laau, he huinahake ano o ka waha. O kekahi uhu no ka maunu, he uhu ola, he uhu hoowalewale i ka uhumalihini. Ua hana ia i ke aho a paa, aia a laka ia uhu, alaila, kuu ka upena. Pelae make ai ia ia. |
13. Maomao[58] fishing. The maomao net is three fathoms long. Lobster is the bait for the maomao, and sometimes pohue is used. The pohue bait is a piece of bitter calabash, made in a circular shape and blackened in thefire, and tied to the opening of the net, thus: there are four sticks encircling themouth [of the net], and on this mouth the pieces of pohue are placed, floating on the sea. The maomao on seeing the pohue floating takes it for bait and is thus ensnared. | 13. Lawaia maomao. Ekolu anana ka loa o ka upena maomao. He ula ka maunu o ka maomao,he pohue kekahi. No ka maunu pohue, oia ka apana ipu awaawa i hana ia a poepoe, kunikuniia a eleele i ke ahi, e kau ana ma ka hanai o ka upena. Eia ke ano, eha laau ma kawaha a puni, a ma ia waha e kau ai na apana pohue me ke kilepalepa i ke kai. Ma kaike ana o ka maomao i keia hana a ke pohue, kuhi oia he maunu, pela kona hei ana. |
14. Long loose net. It has a circular mouth, and across the center of the net is astring to which the bait is fastened. In the bottom of the net is a stone which holdsit down, thus is this method of fishing. | 14. He upena luelue. He poepoe kona waha a puni, ma waena ka piko o ka upena, e paaai ke aho, a malaila no ka maunu. Malalo o ka okole o ka upena ka pohaku, oia ka meanana e kaohi ka upena i lalo; pela kona lawaia ana. |
15. Kala basket fishing. Basket is its net, plaited as the basket in the basket fishing. Kala[59] is a nourished fish, fed with sea-weed, with taro and with squash. This continuesuntil the fish fattens, then a basket with food is let down. After the fish have becomeaccustomed to the treatment the catching net is let down. That is the method of itscatching. | 15. Hinai pai kala. He ie kona upena, ua ulana ia a me he hinai hooluuluu la. He iahanai ia ke kala, i ka limu kala, i ka ai, i ka ipu pu. Pela no e hanai ai a momona,alaila kuu ka hinai me ka ai no. A walea, alaila, kuu ka hinai e make ai ke kala,pela kona lawaia ana. |
16. Of the ahi. Four hundred fathoms is the length of the line. Large hooks are required, with aku and opelu as bait. A nice flat stone is used as a sinker and when two times forty fathoms ofline have been payed out into the deep, it is pulled up, then the weight drops andthe ahi is caught by the hook. Then the fish dives carrying many forty lengths with it. Theahi[60] is a very ferocious and powerful fish, and of [[188]]prolonged vitality. The ahi will bear away three times before it dies. It has a very large body, fat and fullof meat. Its meat is like that of a pig in thickness. | 16. No ke ahi. Hookahi lau anana ka loa o ke aho, he makau nunui kona, he aku, heopelu ka maunu. He pohaku maikai palahalaha ka paka, elua kaau anana o ke aho e komoi ka hohonu, alaila huki, ia wa haule ka paka, a make ke ahi i ka makau. Ia wa, ahaika ia i lalo, nui loa na kaau e lilo i ka huki ia e ka ia. He ia huhu a ikaika loake [[189]]ahi, he ia ola loihi, ekolu ahai ana, alaila, make ke ahi. He nui loa kona kino, heia momona, a he ia io nui. Ua like kona io me ko ka puaa ka manoanoa. |
17. Opelu fishing. The net is six fathoms long, with squash as bait. | 17. He aei opelu. Eono anana ka loa o ka upena, he palaaipu kona maunu. |
18. The holahola[61] (poison) net. Here is the method: Surround the fish hole with the net, then scatterthe poison, thus killing the fishes. | 18. He upena holahola. Penei ke ano, he pa i ka lua ia ka upena a puni, alaila, holai ka auhuhu, pela e make ai na ia. |
19. The iao. A nae net is used for its catching, a very fine-meshed net. It is exactly two fathoms long.Here is the description: [the net] two fathoms; two men to handle it, the beaterscoming towards the front of the net. Two kinds of fish are caught with this net, theiao[62] and the nehu.[63] | 19. He iao. He nae kona upena, he upena makalii loa, he lua paa ka loa. Eia ke ano,elua anana; elua kanaka o ia upena, o na pai mai mamua o ka upena, elua ia o keiaupena, he iao, he nehu. |
20. The aku.[64] A fishing pole is used for securing this fish, with iao as bait. The iao is a decoy, it allures the aku then the hook and line is thrown whereby the aku is secured. | 20. Ke aku. He makoi ko keia ia, he iao ka maunu. (He mea hooluuluu ka iao.) Nanae hoowalewale ke aku, alaila, kuu i ka makau me ke aho, alaila, make ke aku. |
21. The kolo net. This net is made of very strong-fibered rushes, four times forty fathoms long,and three fathoms in height. Many people are required to draw it, some in canoes andsome on dry land. | 21. Upena kolo. He ahu awa ka upena, eha kaau anana ka loa, ekolu anana ke kiekie,he nui na kanaka ke huki, ma ka waa kekahi, ma kahi maloo kekahi. |
OF NIGHT FISHING. | NO KA LAWAIA PO. |
1. Ku kaula. The catch is the ulua,[65] the kahala, and so forth. The line and sinker is let down, the line being forty fathoms long.Flying-fish, lobster, lelepo and so forth are used for bait. In the afternoon [the fisherman] sets sail, arriving[at the fishing grounds] in the evening. When the weight is let down it is dark; theulua and other fish are caught during the night. | 1. Ku kaula. He ulua ka ia, he kahala, a pela aku no. He paka a me ke aho ka mea ekuu ai, hookahi kaau anana ka loa o ke aho, he malolo ka maunu, he ula, he lelepo,a pela aku no. Aia a aui ka la, holo, a ahiahi hiki. Kuu ka paka, poeleele, ai kaulua a me na ia e ae, pela a ao ka po. |
2. Kapapa ulua. The canoe is paddled along, at the same time making a noise by striking the paddlesagainst the canoe. The ulua hears it and follows the canoe, then the line and hook is payed out and the ulua is caught. | 2. He kapapa ulua. Hoe ka waa, me ka hookoele i ka hoe i ka waa. Lohe ka ulua, hahaii ka waa. Ia wa, kuu ke aho me ka makau, make ka ulua. |
3. Welea.[66] The line is nine fathoms long, with a hook; hinalea, aawa, moano[67] and so forth being its bait. | 3. Welea. Eiwa anana ka loa o ke aho, he makau kona, he hinalea, he aawa, he moano, a pelaaku, kona maunu. |
4. Aweoweo.[68] Its fish line is six fathoms long, with a hook; paoo being its bait. | 4. Aweoweo. He eono anana kona aho ka loihi, he makau no, a he paoo ka maunu. |
5. Shark fishing. It is an entangling, large net, forty fathoms long and four fathomshigh. Many sharks are caught in this net. | 5. Lawaia mano. He hihi kona upena, he upena nui, he kanaha anana ka loa, eha ananake kiekie. He nui na mano e make i keia upena. |
6. The awa net. This net is called mahae, the meaning thereof being four fingers in a bunch may be run through a mesh. Itis three times forty fathoms long and three fathoms high. Encircling is the methodapplied in this kind of fishing, with a canoe at either end and moving in a circleuntil the fish which collect at one place are caught, because it is the habit of thisfish, the awa,[69] to eat sea moss together at the same [[190]]place; and while feeding indifferently on sea moss was the time of its being surrounded.The awa is a large fish, its body being a muku (four and a half feet), or a yard, and so on in length. | 6. He upena awa. He mahae ka inoa o ia upena, eia ke ano o ia olelo. Eha manamanae komo i loko o ka maka hookahi. Ekolu kanaha ka loa. Ekolu anana ke kiekie. He kaapunikona lawaia ana, he waa ma na kihi elua, pela no e hele kaapuni ai, a puni na ia enoho ana i kahi hookahi. No ka mea, he mea mau i keia ia o ke awa ka [[191]]ai i ka limu ma kahi hookahi. Ia ia e nanea ana i ka ai limu, o kona wa ia e puniai i ka upena a hei. He ia nui loa ke awa, he muku, he iwilei, e pela aku no konakino. |
7. The thrashing net. Four times forty fathoms is the length of this net and six yardshigh. Its method of fishing is to place the net mainly in a straight line, but curvingat one end. The reason for that is, that when the fish is going parallel to the neton turning back they will be caught at that place. One man splashes the sea from thefront with the paddle, to stir the sea and scare the fish. Many fishes may be caughtin this net. | 7. Upena hahau. Eha kanaha anana ka loa o keia upena, eono iwilei kona kiekie. O konalawaia ana, he moe pololei ka waiho ana o ka upena, a ma kekahi lihi, he moe poaipio, o ke kumu i hana ia ai peia, i hele ka ia ma ka pololei o ka upena, a hoi hope,alaila, hei i kela wahi. Hookahi kanaka nana e hahau i ke kuau o ka hoe mamua, i haluluke kai holo ka ia. He nui loa na ia i keia upena ke hei. |
8. The alihilele net. It is six fathoms long, with leaves on either. Two men are engaged with thenet. Large mullet are the fish caught in this net. | 8. Upena alihilele. Eono anana ka loa. He lau ma kela aoao a pela ma keia aoao. Eluakanaka ma ka upena, he anae ka ia a keia upena. |
9. Ani net. It is ten fathoms long, two men being employed, the feet being the splash, hencethe name ani. Mullet, weke, oama, uouoa are the fishes caught. | 9. Upena ani. He umi anana ka loa, elua kanaka, o na wawae ke kapeku, oia kela inoa“he ani.” He anae, he weke, oama, uouoa, oia na ia. |
10. Ohua palemo net. It is one fathom in length; ten men are employed in fishing with this net. Theohua and the akilolo[70] are the fishes of this net.[71] | 10. Upena ohua palemo. Hookahi anana ka loa, he umi kanaka o keia upena e lawaia ai.He ohua a me ka akilolo, na ia o keia upena. |
This is the end of the narrative on nets and fishes.[72] But one thing more: about endurance men in ocean diving and fishing. They are veryfamous until this day, and there are records about them which are preserved with thispeople.[[173]] | O ka pau keia o na upena a me na ia. Eia ka mea i koe, o na kanaka aho loa i ka luumoana, a me ka lawaia. Ua kaulana loa ia poe a hiki i keia la, a he mau moolelo noko lakou e waiho nei i loko o keia lahui kanaka.[[192]] |
[1] Kahala, amber-fish (Seriola purpurascens). [↑] [3] Hinalea, wrasse-fish (Thalassoma ballieui). [↑] [4] Opule, wrasse-fish (Anampses cuvier). [↑] [5] Aku, bonito (Gymnosarda pelamis). [↑] [6] Akule, mackerel scad (Trachurops crumenophthalma). [↑] [7] Oio, bone-fish (Albula vulpes). [↑] [8] Moi (Polydactylus sexfilis). [↑] [9] A’u, sword-fish (Xiphias gladius). [↑] [10] Manini, surgeon-fish (Teuthis sandwichensis). [↑] [11] The fisher-folk’s deities throughout the islands were simply certain designated stones;in no case were they carved images. [↑] [12] Hahamau, a term for hand fishing by feeling for and seizing such as are found in rocky ledgesof the sea-coast. It is not confined to night search, though it is naturally governedby the tide. [↑] [13] Ready for quickly clutching, or closing upon the prey. [↑] [14] Heepali, small rock squid (Octopus). [↑] [15] Olali (Thalassoma purpureum). [↑] [16] Hou, snoring-fish (Thalassoma purpureum). [↑] [17] Awela (Thalassoma purpureum). [↑] [19] Manananalo, unclassed. [↑] [20] Paolakei, Paokauila, Paoluahine, all unclassed. ↑ [a] [b] [c] [21] Holoholo, a running after, here and there, in one’s search, hence the name. The net here describedis now known as upena poo, head net. [↑] [22] Alahee, known also as walehee (Plectronia odorata). The use of this wood for a circular net frame, on account of flexibility, mustbe of young plants or slender branches, as the mature tree furnishes a close-grained,hard and durable wood. [↑] [23] Uhu, wrasse-fish (Julis lepomis, Callyodon lineatus). [↑] [24] Kala, surgeon-fish (Acanthurus unicornis). [↑] [25] Uouoa, mullet (Chaenomugil chaptalii). [↑] [26] Manini, surgeon-fish (Hepatus sandwichensis). [↑] [27] Nenue, rudder-fish (Kyphosus fuscus). [↑] [28] Hinalea, wrasse-fish (Thalassoma ballieui). [↑] [29] Lauhau, butterfly-fish (Chaetodon quadrimaculatus). [↑] [31] Kikomo (not identified). [↑] [32] Halahala, not classed; a fish resembling the uhu except in the colorings. [↑] [33] Aawa (Lepidaplois albotaeniatus). [↑] [34] Oopukai (Cirrhitus marmoratus). [↑] [36] Awela (Thalassoma purpureum). [↑] [37] Ohua, wrasse-fish (Cantherines sandwichensis; Osbeckia scripta). [↑] [38] Paoo (Salarias, species.) [↑] [39] Aholehole (Kuhlia malo). [↑] [40] Wana and ina, sea-urchins. [↑] [41] Haukeuke, not classed. [↑] [42] Panuhunuhu, parrot-fish (Callyodon gilberti). [↑] [43] Kumu, goat-fish (Pseudupeneus porphyreus). [↑] [44] This is modern, as iron was not available till after Cook’s arrival, although in ancienttime weke was the term for such metal. [↑] [45] Hawaiians like to dwell on the marvelous. [↑] [46] Hulihuli, searching; turning over. [↑] [47] Kukui (Aleurites moluccana). The chewed nuts produced the same effect on troubled waters as the modern use ofoil. [↑] [48] Hau (Paritium tiliaceum). The bark of the hau in long strips, furnished excellent material for heavy cord and even rope, made upwhile fresh and green, or if dried, by soaking it in water to render it pliable. Itwas made by plaiting, rather than in twisted strands, and of such size as the purposein hand required. It was with three cables of twelve strands of hau in the effort to haul the Cleopatra’s Barge from her stranded position in the bayof Hanalei, in 1824, that the unaided muscular strength of an immense team of nativesrolled the vessel over on her keel and broke off the mainmast to which the cableswere attached. [↑] [49] In both lau and bag-net fishing very fine-mesh nets are used. The lau is a rope with dry ti leaves—three or four—strung in it at intervals according to size. For conveniencein handling, this rope is formed of ten fathom lengths, and when the ti leaves are inserted each length is called a kumu lau. There may be as many as ten lengths used in fishing for ohuas, depending on the number of people participating, but not less than four, one beingrequired at each end of the lau and one at each end of the net. At first the kumu laus are joined in the center, which point is marked by a slender stick some six feetlong of about an inch in thickness, called kuku. The laus which up to this time have been dragged along in a bunch are then payed out fromthis central point, each leader going in an opposite direction. The others divide,half going to one side and half to the other of the kuku, for the purpose of pressing down the leafed rope and at the same time pushing itforward. Having come to the end of their respective laus the leaders work forward and gradually form a semicircle with the whole lau. On arriving at a suitable place for laying the net, the head fisherman takes holdof the kuku and shoves it into the sand, or rock, which is the signal to stop pulling for a while.The shock of the kuku digging into the sand is felt all along the lines. All halt in their places. Thekuku is then pulled out, parting the kumu laus, each of which is attached to the mouth of the net. The net is carried, partly dragged,in the water by two men, who follow the middle of the lau as shown by the kuku. When the head fisherman signals to cease pulling awhile, the net is spread out inposition and the kumu laus are attached to it on either side of the mouth. At a given signal the leaders ofthe laus come together; the lomi laus, those who press the leaves down, then work forward so that in a short while thetwo sides form the fence to a pathway leading straight to the mouth of the net. Whenthe two leaders come together they press the leaves towards the net. This is usuallydone by one of them grabbing the two ropes which form the fence above referred toand bringing them together, thus driving the fish towards the net. This is the crucialmoment and has to be done quickly so as to give the fish no time to come back afterstriking the net. Care must also be taken that the laus do not form “pockets” along their lengths lest the fish circle round in them anddive under them. The head fisherman meanwhile watches the mouth of the net and whenno more fish appear the net is raised. In the daytime this method of fishing is calledlau ohua. Ohua, puaula, hinalea, weke, pua oio, kumu, moano and other fish which abound in moss-covered shoals are gathered. In the nighttimethis same kind of fishing is called lauahi. Larger fish are caught such as kumu, puaula, moano, weke, nenue, uku, lobsters and eels. Daytime fishing of the above on a large scale often going beyondthe reef into the deep sea is called lau lele. The method of fishing is the same but it is more laborious. [↑] [50] Properly the word pula applies to the lau portion adjoining the net collecting the driven fish; the clusters of hala and akia at regular spaces on the ropes are termed the lau as in the lau net already described. [↑] [51] Hala (Pandanus odoratissimus). [↑] [52] Akia (Wikstroemia), of which there are several varieties. [↑] [53] The younger and elder canoes likely indicate relative size for the division of thecatch. These terms are not known to present-day fishermen. [↑] [54] As a rule the canoe owner received one-third of the catch, the helpers (paddlers andfishermen) took two thirds. Fish are counted by fours, termed a kauna. This comes from the custom of seizing two fish at a time in each hand at their dischargingor handling, each throw of the hands being a kauna. The division of net hauls in fishing was of necessity done on reaching shore, whileline-fishing permitted this to be done at sea, if desired, as the fish were caught. [↑] [55] Kahala, amber-fish (Seriola purpurascens). [↑] [56] This gives a depth of twelve hundred feet. [↑] [57] This method of fishing for uhu is not often practised now, for it is hard to obtain the original for a decoy. Themore common method is by spearing. [↑] [58] Maomao, unclassified, is a yellowish fish of medium size, with red and black spots. [↑] [59] Kala surgeon-fish (Acanthurus unicornis). [↑] [60] Ahi, albacore (Germo germo). [↑] [61] Holahola is the stupefying of fish by the use of the poisonous shrub ahuhu (Cracca purpurea) applied to the caves or cavities along the reefs or rocky coasts, the habitat ofaholehole, hinalea, kumu, manini, puaula and weke, the varieties caught by this method. [↑] [62] Iao, not classified; better known as iiao, similar to the nehu, but with decided scales which the latter has not. [↑] [63] Nehu, anchovy (Anchovia purpurea). [↑] [64] Aku, bonito, caught with rod and fly. The bait is the iiao which is cast into the sea, preferably alive. The aku follows the bait, which is cast from the rear end of the canoe. The rod and fly meanwhileare cast and the fly is taken by the fish. This was the fish for which the old-timepearl hooks were used. [↑] [65] Ulua, cavalia (Carangus latus). [↑] [66] Welea, lizard-fish (Trachinocephalus myops). [↑] [67] Moano, goat-fish (Priacanthus cruentatus) (Pseudupeneus multifasciatus). [↑] [68] Aweoweo, catalufa (Priacanthus cruentatus). [↑] [69] Awa, milk-fish (Chanos chanos). The awa referred to here is the awa kalamoho, a large fish of the color and meat of the anae (sea mullet), only it is much larger in size, some being as long as six feet, andeasily ten inches thick at the largest part. It is shaped very much like the salmon.The awa is a hard fighter. [↑] [70] Akilolo (Gomphosus, Thalassoma). [↑] [71] Ohua palemo net. As now practiced, ohua fishing—lau ohua, as it is called—is lau fishing in shoal water in the daytime. [↑] [72] Various “don’ts” in connection with fishing: Don’t say “E hele ana wau i ka laiwaia;” (I am going fishing). Say instead, “E hele ana wau i ka nahelehele;” (I am going to the woods). The fish have ears and they hear; and when you say youare going fishing they hear and run away, so that you would come back empty handed. Don’t hold your hands behind your back. To do so is an indication of weariness andfish, being very considerate, do not care to burden you further, so they keep outof your reach. Don’t carry on a conversation on the way to, or on the fishing grounds; fish wouldhear and would disappear. Don’t walk on the beach immediately abreast of where the net is intended to be cast.The noise of your feet on the pebbles or sand warns the fish off. Don’t ask idle questions of canoe-men getting ready to go out fishing. They considerit an omen of bad luck. Don’t indulge in dirty language or in smutty tales before going fishing. Even thefish are averse to dirt. Don’t walk on a net when it is spread out; don’t step over a net when it is bundled.Take time to walk around it. It is the house for the fish when it is cast in the sea,and the fish prefer it clean. Don’t “aia” the fish (“there it is”), when you see it entering the net; fish are timid and donot care to be noticed; and when you do, they turn right around and rush out again. Don’t go fishing if your mouth is wrong (i.e., if you have made a vow which you havenot fulfilled); you will only cause weariness to your companions, for you will allcome back empty-handed. Fish abhor a gasbag and keep away from him. [↑] | |
Relating to Amusements. | E Pili ana i na mea Paani. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHAPTER I.OF THE KILU. | MOKUNA I.NO KE KILU. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A long shed is built with poles standing in rows in the manner of a stockade. It issix yards and over in width, and forty yards in length thatched with cane leaves andpili grass on the outside. The body of the kilu is a regular water-gourd and cut about the middle [lengthwise] of the gourd. It isworked to a good finish and spotted on the outside like a Niihau calabash. The lampto illuminate the night is made of uki[1] and uwiuwi,[2] certain plants which grow on Hawaii and in other parts of this group. | He papai loihi ia i kukulu lalani ia me na laau, e like me ka pa ke ano. Eono iwileike laula a oi aku, a he kanaha iwilei ka loa, a he la-ko a me ke pili mai o waho.O ke kino o ke kilu, he nukunuku huewai maoli, ua oki ia ma waena o ke kino o ka ipu.Ua hana ia a maikai, a pawehe o waho, e like me ko Niihau ipu. Ke kukui e malamalamaai o ka po, he uki a me ke uwiuwi, he mau laau ulu no ia ma Hawaii a ma na wahi eae no o keia mau Mokupuni. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The time for the performance of the kilu is from the evening until cock-crow. At sunriseit has ceased. Many people attend during its performance, coming from all around,men, women, children, old women and old men. They dress up nicely and then go to thekilu. | A o ka manawa e kilu ai, o ke ahiahi a hiki i ke kani ana a ka moa, a puka ka la,alaila, pau. He nui loa na kanaka e hele i ka wa e kilu ai, ko kela wahi, ko keiawahi, na kane, na wahine, na keiki, na luahine, na elemakule. Kahiko a maikai, alaila,hele i ke kilu. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Here is the method [of the performance]. Two poles are placed on each side, leavinga vacant space between them, not to be occupied by the people. The poles are of ulei[3] wood, the tops of which are decorated with chicken feathers. The winning of one sideover the other is when the kilu strikes the pole. One strike counts five. Upon reaching forty the game is won. Whenone is beaten he must dance; that is the penalty. | Penei e kilu ai. Elua pahu i kukulu ia ma kela aoao a ma keia aoao, a waiho wale owaena o na pahu, aohe e noho ia e ke kanaka. O ka pahu, he ulei ia laau, ua haku iao luna i ka hulu moa a paa. O ka eo ana o kekahi aoao i kekahi aoao, aia a pa ke kilui ka pahu. Hookahi pa ana. Elima ia helu ana. Pela a hiki i ke kanaha, alaila eo.“A ina e eo kekahi, alaila hula,” oia ka uku. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of the chanting. During the progress of the game the kilu player chants as follows: | No ke oli ana. I loko o ka wa e kilu ai, alaila, oli aku ka mea e kilu ana. Peneie oli ai: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unaffable is the lover of the woods, The eyes looking crossly at the moani.[4] And seeing the flowers, smiles appear; They are leaning towards moeawakea.[5] Methinks that Malio[6] is forgotten, Charmed with the wreath flowers of Hao.[7] Puna is the repository of the winds, Long guarded over by the Puulena,[8] For a beloved one. Greeting. | Hoinainau mea ipo ka nahele, Hookokoe ana ka maka i ka moani I ka ike i na pua hoomahie luna, Ua hihina wale i moeawakea, Kai no ua poina ia Malio, Aia ka ia pualei o Hao e! I Puna no ka waiho ana a ka makani, Ka-ele no ka malama ana a ka Puulena I kahi mea hoalohaloha e! Aloha—e! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Then he throws the gourd, and if the shot misses and does not touch the pole, thescorer remarks: | Alaila, kiola i ke kilu, a i na e hala ke kilu ana, aole e pa i ka pahu, alaila panemai ka helu ai: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Missed, missed by a wide margin; Kapakapaka,[9] that is not the pole. [[194]] | Hala i hala loa, Kapakapaka, aole ia o ka pahu. [[195]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In case, however, the gourd strikes the pole the scorer recites: | A ina hoi e pa ke kilu i ka pahu, alaila, heluhelu waha aku ka helu ai: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hene uha,[10] The edge remains, The edge remains; The day is tumultuous, The day closes sadly. We have five down though. | Hene uha, Koe ke kae, Koe ke kae— Kuehu ka la Komo inoino ka la, Alima kaua i lalo la! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After this boasting language by the scorer, he calls to the scorer of the other side,“Take.” The other scorer responds: “Take,” (so and so—naming the person) “is coming.” If the gourd falls short without touching the pole, the exclamation wouldbe: “Being afraid of the spirits he excreted suddenly.”[11] If the kilu touches the pole the thrower says: “Bring me back my companion, thou desired coconutof Waima.”[12] That is the gourd that frequently hits the pole until victorious. The scorer thensays: “There is one more inning and your fruit will be red in the sun.” | A pau keia olelo kaena a ka helu ai, alaila, kahea hou aku i ka helu ai o kekahi aoao.“E lawe!” A pane mai kela helu ai. “E lawe!” “Eia mai o mea ke hele aku la.” A i hauleke kilu i waena me ka pa ole i ka pahu, penei e pane ai, “Ua makau i ke akua ua kiokoke.” A ina e pa ke kilu i ka pahu, alaila, olelo aku: “Hoihoi ia mai ko’u hoa eke ake niu o Waima.” Oia ke kilu pa mau i ka pahu, a hiki i ka eo ana, alaila, paneaku ka helu ai. “Hookahi ai i koe, ulaula ko hua i ka la.” | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OF THE UME. | NO KA UME. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The ume. It is an attraction of a man and of a woman. Here is a description of it. A longpiece of wood, four yards long, is adorned with chicken feathers. The wood is calledhau. The ume is performed after the cessation of the kilu, because the people are still gathered at the time, no one going away. A differentofficer is in charge. The man who performs the ume is one who has an agreeable voice for chanting. He takes hold of the piece of woodand goes through the assembly, searching for a comely woman and a comely man. Whenhe has found these in his search, he chants: | Ka Ume. He mea hoopili kane a hoopili wahine. Eia ke ano o ia mea, he laau loihi,ua haku ia i ka hulu moa, eha iwilei ka loa. A he hau ka inoa o ka laau. O ka wa ehana ai o ka ume, oia ka wa e pau ai o ke kilu ana, no ka mea, e mau ana ka paa anao na kanaka ia wa, aole e hoi kekahi mea, he luna okoa ia. O ke kanaka nana e ume,he kanaka lea ia i ke oli, a nana e hopu ka laau a hele i loko o ka aha kanaka e hulii ka wahine maikai a me ke kanaka maikai. A loaa keia mau mea i kona nana ana, alaila, oli aku: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Red is Kalaeloa[13] with the dust stirred by the wind, Which concentrated at Apuakalamaula.[14] At sight thereof I thought it [was] Kulelua.[15] Kaiolohia[16] beckons that we two return. My companions wept at Kaana, Nearly enamored of the plains of Niniwai. They were my companions at the still haunts of the birds. The harboring bird of the laukona companions Seeing the rod[17] the sleep objects, Mistaking me for a strange man. It is I, from top to bottom.[18] | Ula Kalaeloa i ka lepo a ka makani, Hoonuanua i Apuakalamaula, Ike aku manao ia’u Kulelua, Hea mai Kaiolohia, e hoi maua. Uwe aku o’u hoa i Kaana, Ane aloha ke kula o Niniwai, O’u hoa ia i ka lai a ka manu e! Manuawa wale i ka hoa laukona a! Ike ke laau aua ia e ka moe, E kuhi ana ia’u he kanaka e! Owau okoa no mai luna a lalo e! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After chanting, the pole is brought in contact with the man and the woman. Subsequentlythe man and the woman rise and go to a sleeping place. They remain from evening todaylight. In this entertainment a husband, or a wife, is lost to another. If theylove [each other] they join together. In these days it would be marriage. In this[[196]]the husband is not offended with his wife, neither the wife with her husband. It ismerely a matter of enjoyment at the time. Thus this man keeps on his work of ume upon all the persons inside, both men and women. | A pau ke oli ana, alaila, hoopili ka laau i ke kane a me ka wahine. Mahope o laila,ku ke kane a me ka wahine, hele i kahi e moe ai. Mai ke ahiahi a ao ka manawa e moeai. Iloko o keia lealea e lilo ai ke kane a me ka wahine ia hai. A ina e aloha, alaila,“hoao.” I keia wa e mare ia. Me keia mea, aole e huhu ke kane i kana wahine, a pela[[197]]ka wahine i ke kane. He mea lealea wale iho la no ia, ia wa. Pela no keia kanaka eume ai i na mea a pau o loko, i na kane i na wahine. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is not done, however, to those of homely faces in appearance; only to the good-lookingis the ume treated, and to them chants are made: | Aole nae i ka poe helehelena ino o ke kino, ke nana aku, i ka poe maikai no e umeai, a ia lakou no e oli ai: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proudly passes the sun by Lehua, While the confusion of the gods became calm. The Unulau[19] of Halalii rises, The Koolau[20] carries away a companion, The agile hies down to Lehua, The friends are separated by the wind from below; Their affections, internally hidden, [Are] exposed by the outpouring tears, Discerned through weeping. Such is a child companion. | Kalaihi, kaha ka la ma Lehua, Lulana iho la ka pihe a ke ’kua, E a mai ka unulau o Halalii, Lawe ke Koolau i ka hoa la lilo, Hao ka mikioi i kai o Lehua, Paiaia na hoa makani mai lalo e! Hoonalonalo i ke aloha pee maloko, Hai ka waimaka hanini i waho, I ikea aku no i ka uwe ana mai, Pela wale no ka hoa kamalii e! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After this chanting these two retire together. | Pau keia oli ana, hele keia mau mea moe. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It is misty above through the clouds, windy is the gap; Vibrating is the lehua, the blossom of the tree; Cleaving the ohia [tree] ripe with age; Black are the rocks; bitten by the deity,[21] Scratched by the central matron[22] of Puna, Consuming the hala, the lehua of Kaunu. She unreasonably hates my name. And assigns the resting place here. Why should she not be burdened? Release the man to enter the rest. | Pohina luna i ke ao, makani ka lua, Naue ka lehua ka pua o ka laau, Hooa i ka ohia o oo kuauli, Uli ke a i nahua e ke Akua, Manuheu i ka wahine waena o Puna, Pau ae la ka hala, ka lehua o Kaunu e! Kauna wale mai no ia i ko’u inoa, Hooili mai ana ka ia i ka moe maanei, E aha ia no la ia e hoouka ia—a! Kuua iho ke kanaka i komo i ka moe a! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After this chanting then followed some more. | Pau keia oli ana, alaila, oli hou: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aflamed is Puna by the goddess, Undeveloped is the ohia of Moeawakea. Looking from the heights of Halaaniani, The black rocks, like waves, are glistening. Sparkling is the sun of Kukalaula, When the wide forest of Maukele is traveled over. Love was immuned, nearly caught by the rest; It had almost arrived When this one passed away. Love passes accompanied by intense regret. | Moa unouno o Puna i ke ’kua wahine, Makali ka ohia o Moeawakea, Ke nana mai i luna o Halaaniani, Lohi mai ka papa ale ka pahoehoe, Apiapi ka la o Kukalaula, Ke hele i ka nahele loa o Maukele e! Pakele ke aloha mai loaa i ka moe, Aohe wa ua hiki mai hoi e! O ka hala ana aku nei no keia e! Hala ke aloha naue me ka anoai e! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thus the chanting is continued until daylight, when all go to their respective places. | Pela no e oli ai a ao ka po, alaila, pau, hoi kela mea keia mea i kona wahi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
THE GAME OF PUHENEHENE. | KA PUU PUHENEHENE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When the kilu and ume [games] are set aside and the kilu shed cleared, then the game of puhenehene[23] is played. Here is an explanation of it: Ten men and [[198]]ten women [are chosen], ten on one side and ten on the other; they must, however,be alternately men and women, until ten are chosen, and the same on the other side.They sit in two rows of ten each. One covering cloth is provided for ten, and thesame for the other side. Then the eyes and bodies are covered with the cloth. In thattime the one who held the stone hides it on the person of one of the ten. When thestone is concealed the faces are exposed above the covering, then the other side searches.This is continued until the game is won. | Ina e waiho ke kilu a me ka ume, a kaawale ka papai kilu, alaila, puu puhenehene Peneike ano o ia. He umi kane, he umi wahine. He umi o kekahi aoao a me kekahi [[199]]aoao, he kane nae, a he wahine, a pela a pau he umi, a pela kekahi aoao. O ka nohoana, elua laina, he umi ma ka laina hookahi. Hookahi kapa o na mea he umi, pela kekahiaoao. Alaila, uhi ka maka me ke kino i ke kapa. Ia wa, huna ka mea ia ia ka pohaku,i loko [o kekahi] o na kino he umi, e huna ai. A nalo ka pohaku, alaila, hoike maina maka maluna o ke kapa i uhi ia, alaila, imi kekahi aoao, pela e hana ai a hikii ka eo ana. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
THE SLED. | KA HEEHOLUA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This is a long piece of hewn board. The large boards are six yards long, and the smallerones are, some four and some three yards. Two long boards are laid on edge. Holesare made on the sides in the manner as those of a ladder with small sticks between.The width from one board to the other is nine inches. The heads of the boards areturned up like a plow, rubbed over with kukui till they shine and glide easily. The time for sledding is mid-day and afternoon,and the place for sledding is [down] a small steep hill, like the south side of Punchbowl,looking towards Waikiki, and dug up in ridge ways. | He papa ia i kalai ia a loihi. Eono iwilei ka loa o ka papa nui. O ka papa liiliiiho, eha iwilei kekahi, a ekolu iwilei kekahi. Elua papa loihi, ua kukulu aoao ia.Ma ka aoao ka puka e hou ai e like me ke alapii ke ano, he laau liilii mawaena. Oke akea mai kekahi papa a kekahi papa, eiwa iniha ke akea. Ua hoopii ia mai o muao na papa, e like me ka oo palau, ua hamo ia a hinuhinu i ke kukui, a pahee wale no.O ka wa e holo ai o ke awakea a me ka aui la ana, o kahi e holo ai, he puu, he wahipalipali e like me ka huli hema o Puowaina, e nana ana ia Waikiki. Ua kohi ia a awaawaa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The length of a track is one and one half miles; some two miles. The dirt is laiddown nicely and the track spread over with grass. When sliding down the track, ifa man, he has to fasten up his girdle securely, run back about five fathoms distant,and then run forward and lie down on the sled, sliding down, with his head to the front and eyes looking sharply. If he is not watchful,or his foot touches the ground, he would be thrown off the track, bruising his bodywith rocks or other things. If a woman is to slide down, she securely ties the loin-clotharound her waist, leaving the body bare, without clothing. | O ka loa o kekahi “holua”, hookahi mile me ka hapa, elua mile kekahi. Ua hoonoho iaka lepo a maikai, haliilii ia i ka mauu a paa ka holua. I ka wa e holo ai i luna oka “holua,” ina he kane, hume ka malo a paa, alaila holoholo elima paha anana ke kaawale.Ia wa, holo mai a moe i luna o ka “holua”, alaila, holo, imua ke poo me na maka enana pono ai. Ina e hala ka nana ana, a pa paha ka wawae i lalo, alaila, hu i kula,eha ke kino i ka pohaku a me na mea e ae. Ina he wahine ka mea holo, kakua i ka paua paa ma ke kikala, waiho wale no ke kino aohe kapa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
THE RUNNER. | KE KUKINI. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
He is a man swift in running, like a horse. Here is an example: Two men run at thesame time, and if one beats the other, and this same man continues on and defeatsa second man, then he is acknowledged to be a runner. This is what he does: he runssteadily all day until the middle of the night and continues thus until the legs arestretched and supple, then he wagers. | He kanaka mama ia i ka holo me he lio la. Eia ke ano, elua kanaka e holo i ka wa hookahi,a ina e puka mamua o kekahi kanaka, a pela aku a hiki i ka elua o kanaka, e eo i keiakanaka hookahi, alaila, lawe ia ia i kukini. Penei e hana ai: E holo mau ia i ka laa po, a hiki i ke kau o ke aumoe o ka po pela no e hana mau ai a lele ka ulu o kawawae, a mama, alaila pili. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Two runners then race. Properties on both sides are wagered [to] run without ceasing;the priests perform their auguries, with pigs, chickens and red fish. The winninggoal is arranged beforehand (as for instance), from the harbor of Kou to the hillof Leahi in distance, that being the winning post. That is where the runners race,with four attendants, two on each side, who are called puhi. | Ia wa, heihei na kukini elua. Pili na waiwai o na aoao elua, holo me ka hoomaha ole,hoomanamana na kahuna, he puaa, he moa, he ia ula. Pela e hana ai, ua kukulu ia kapahu eo mamua, o ka hoohalike ana mai ke awa o Kou a ka puu o Leahi ke akea, i lailaka pahu eo. O kahi ia e holo ai na kukini me na ukali eha, elua kanaka o kekahi aoao,elua o kekahi aoao; ua kapa ia he puhi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When near the winning post, about fifty fathoms between it and the runners, that placeis restricted to the runners only, they racing till they reach the winning post. Ifone grasps the bottom of the stake and the other the top, then it is even, and norace. But if the stake is reached by one and not by the other, it is won; then thecrowd roars, properties go to one side, some being left destitute. A runner is saidto be swifter than a horse [and] can circle Oahu in one day.[[200]] | A kokoke i ka pahu eo, he kanalima anana ka loa ma waena o na kukini a me ka pahueo, alaila, kapu ia wahi, o na kukini wale no ke holo aku a hopu i ka pahu eo. Inae hopu kekahi i ke kumu o ka pahu, a o kekahi hoi ma luna o ka pahu, alaila paiwale,aohe eo. Aka, ina e lilo ka pahu i kekahi, a loaa ole i kekahi, alaila, eo, uwa kapihe, pau ka waiwai i kekahi aoao, nele kekahi poe. Ua olelo ia ke kukini, he mamai oi mamua o ka lio. E puni Oahu i ka la hookahi.[[201]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PAHEE. | KA PAHEE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A piece of wood is made out of koaie, ulei, o’a, mamane, kauila, or uhiuhi. Some spears are a fathom and a half long, some four and one-half feet (hailima),[24] some a yard, and so on. The tracks where the game is played are roughly formed, somebeing forty fathoms long, others two times forty fathoms. For a very powerful mana track five times forty fathoms long is necessary. Ten counts are required to win.Goods are all lost. The betting sometimes is continued until the girdle at the waistis lost also, and the loser stands stark naked; then the game ceases. | He laau i kalai ia, eia na inoa. He koaie, he ulei, he o’a, he mamane, he kauwila,he uhiuhi. Hookahi anana ka loa o kekahi ihe a me ka hapa. He hailima kekahi, a heiwilei kekahi, a pela aku. O ke kahua e pahee ai, he kahua i hana awaawaa ia, he kaauanana ka loa o kekahi kahua, elua kaau anana ka loa o kekahi. O ke kanaka ikaika loai ka pahee, elima kaau anana ka loa o ke kahua. He umi ai e pahee ai, alaila, eo kekahi.Pau ka waiwai i ka lilo. Pela no e pili ai a lilo kahi malo i ka hope, a o mua kahimai i ka lima, alaila oki. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OLOHU. | KA OLOHU. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A yellow stone, square-hewn, rounded like a shot, but without corners on the edges.A course two times forty fathoms is required to play olohu.[25] The best course, however, is the one at Kohala, Hawaii, called Hinakahua. That isthe most noted course to this day. | He pohaku melemele i kalai poepoe huina ha ia, me he poka la ke ano, aka, aole onahuina ma na kae. Elua kaau anana ka loa o ke kahua o olohu ai. O ke kahua oi nae,aia ma Kohala i Hawaii, o “Hinakahua”. Oia ke kahua kaulana a hiki i keia la. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SWINGING. | KA LELE KOWALI. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A rope eight fathoms long, sometimes ten fathoms and over, is fastened to a coconuttree. It makes a long high swing.[26] At the time of swinging, the person swinging, either man or woman, is decently apparelled.Two persons pull the swing. When the swing has oscillated high the rider chants tomake the swinging more enjoyable. The owner of the swing has stipulated that a chantmust be sung during the swinging. This is the manner of chanting: | He kaula loihi ewalu anana ka loa, a he umi a keu kekahi, he niu kahi e paa ai, loihia kiekie loa ka lele ana. I ka wa e lele ai, kahiko a maikai, ina he kane a he wahine;elua mea nana e ka ke kowali. A lele ke kowali, alaila, oli ka waha, oia ka mea elealea ai ka lele kowali. A ua hoohiki hoi ka mea nona ke kowali, aia a oli, alaila,lele. Penei e oli ai: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
At Kaula, the border of Koolau; Separated is the Koolau, separated is precipitous Hilo, The Hoolua and the Moae arise, The Moae which plows the sea and makes it billowy. The sea is billowy and boisterous by the wind, The billows are tempestuous, the waves being active, Majestically stands the sun reflected through the sea-spray; The sea-spray which mounts the cliffs of Okalakala, The ends of the tempest. The food of life is saved by the wind, The uhu of Hanalailai is caught in the calm. The tree-belted cliffs of Kealakehe kowea Are frowned upon by the breeze, In time breaking the crest thereof. | A Kaula i ka palena o ke Koolau, Pale ke Koolau, pale ka Hilo paliku, Ku mai ka Hoolua me ka Moae, Moae awaa i ke kai e palipali, Palipali ke kai holeoleo i ka makani, Ahu ke kupikipikio hana ka ale, Ku kila ka la lea molale i ka ehukai, Ehukai pii i ka pali o Okalakala, Na mahamaha a ka ino, Ola na hulu ai a ka makani, Kaka ka Uhu o Hanalailai i ka malie, Ka pali kui laau o Kealakehe kowea, Keehi ia e ka makani, Hai welau ka pali i manawa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After this chanting the assembly is quiet, not a murmur being heard, then anotherchant is sung:[[202]] | A pau keia oli ana, malu ka aha, aohe pane leo, alaila, oli hou aku:[[203]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wounded is Waimea by the piercing wind Which penetrates the path of the Kipuupuu. The bud of the purple ohai is drooping; Jealous and grieved is the flower of the koaie; Pained is the woods of Waika; O Love! Waika loves me as a lover; Like unto a lover is the flower of Koolau; It is the flower in the woods of Mahele. The woods is a place for journeying The wild pili grass has its abode in the forests, Life is but a simple round at Kahua. O Love! Love it was which came to me; Whither has it vanished? O Love! Farewell. | Hole Waimea i ka ihe a ka makani, Komo i na ’la a ke Kipuupuu, Holu ka maka o ka ohai Ouli, Niniau eha ka pua o ke Koaie. Eha i ke anu ka nahele o Waikae e! E aloha e! aloha Waika ia’u me he ipo la, Me he ipo la ka makalena o ke Koolau, Ka pua i ka nahele o Malule ia, He wahi hele no ka nahelehele, Hihiu pili noho i ka nahelehele, O ka noho wale iho no ia Kahua e! E aloha e! o ke aloha kai hiki mai i o’u nei, Mahea la ia i nalo iho nei e! E aloha e! aloha. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
After the swinging and the chanting everybody sits down to a feast, after which theyall disperse. | A pau ka lele ana a me ke oli, alaila, ahaaina na mea a pau loa, a mahope o laila,hookuu. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHAPTER II.BOXING. | MOKUNA II.KA MOKOMOKO. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It means two strong men fighting by striking at each other with the fists. The manwho is not knocked down in this way rules the boxing field. The most noted of theseboxing fields in this kingdom was Hinakahua, in Kapaau, Kohala, Hawaii. It was famouson account of the chiefs living there and the thronging of the people thereto; alsoon account of its fair climate and its central location in Kohala. On this field handsomemen and handsome women were to be seen. | He mau kanaka ikaika elua ke ano, e hakaka ana me ke kui aku kui mai, me na puupuulima. O ka mea hina ole o laua ma keia hana ana, lilo nona ke kahua mokomoko. O kekahua kaulana loa ma keia aupuni, oia no o Hinakahua ma Kapaau, Kohala, Hawaii, uakaulana ia no ka noho ana o na ’lii i laila a me ka piha i ka lehulehu; no ka maikaia me ke kaa i ka hapalua pono o Kohala. Ma ia kahua e ike ia ai ke kanaka ui, a meka wahine ui. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The season of the boxing tournaments was from the beginning of the first month ofthe year, which is Welehu in the Hawaiian calendar.[27] About this time the makahiki god took its customary journey. Here is an explanationof the words regarding that matter. Count from the first day of Welehu to the verylast day. | O ka manawa e mokomoko ai, oia ka hoomaka ana o ka malama mua o ka makahiki o Welehuia malama ma ka helu Hawaii. O ka wa ia e hele ai ke ’kua makahiki. Penei e maopopoai ka olelo malaila. E helu mai ka la mua o Welehu a ka la hope loa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
THE MONTH OF WELEHU. | WELEHU KA MALAMA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Let us talk about this day so that it may be made plain. At Hikapoloa was the templewhere the makahiki god was preserved, on coming up from Mookini. It was a large temple in the low landsof that name, in the ahupuaa of Puuepa, Kohala, Hawaii. At Hikapoloa two gods were set up. The gulch remains tothis day. There were two gods, a wooden and feather god. The feather god goes mountainwardalong the cliffs; the wooden god goes on the inside.[29] | E kamailio kakou no keia la i maopopo. Aia ma Hikapoloa ka heiau o ke akua makahikie noho ai, mai Mookini mai ke pii. He heiau nui ia aia ma kai o Hikapoloa, aia make ahupuaa o Puuepa keia mau mea. Ma Kohala, Hawaii keia. Ma Hikapoloa e ku ai naakua elua. Ke waiho la no ia awawa a hiki i keia la. Elua akua, he akua laau, he akuahulu. Hele ke akua hulu ma ka pali iuka, hele ke akua laau ma loko. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The day that the gods went out was sacred; no fires were lighted, no cultivating,no fishing, and no other work was done. Merrymaking, pride demonstrations and goingto Hinakahua to witness the boxing were the occupations of the day. The makahiki godled the procession, the people following behind making merry, boxing along till theyreached Hinakahua. When two men stood up to box, if one fell there were loud cheeringsand huzzas. Then the voices of derision proceeded from one side against the other,the blows had been delivered with great force and struck the nose, the eyes, the chin;discoloring the eye, dislocating the nose and disjointing the jaw. This was the waythey jeered at the defeated side: “Eat the manure of your chicken; the boar is biting;wait, wait, let the maniac finish eating; heua! heua!” roared the crowd. Thus it continued till sunset when everybody retired to his place. | I ka wa e hele ai ke akua, kapu ia la, aole ahi e a, aohe mahiai, aohe lawaia, aohehana e ae. O ka lealea ka hana, o ka haaheo, o ka hele i ka nana mokomoko i Hinakahua.Mamua ke akua makahiki e hele ai, mahope na makaainana e lealea ai, e mokomoko heleai a hiki i Hinakahua. I ka wa e ku ai na kanaka elua e mokomoko, a hina kahi, kanika pihe, uwa, alaila puka mai ka leo henehene a kekahi aoao ia wa, i kekahi aoao,ikaika loa ke kui ana, ku i ka ihu, ka maka, i ka auwae. Uliuli na maka, kapae kaihu, kapakahi ka auwae. Penei e olelo henehene ai i kekahi aoao. Aina iho kukae oko moa! Kane puaa ke nahu nei! Alia! alia! i oki ka aina a ka Hewahewa. Heua! Heua!Uwa ka aha. Pela no e hana ai a po ka la, alaila, hoi kela mea keia mea i kona wahi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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THE LONG GOD.[30] | KE AKUA LOA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This was the deity which made the circuit of the island of Hawaii to completion. Thebody was of kauila wood, three fathoms long. A cross [piece] was affixed about its middle, and on thetopmost end was fastened an ivory [ornament] with a girdle cloth about six yards inlength. Whenever this deity made the circuit that was the time that the people paidtheir tributes[31] with goods, swine, cloths, feathers. If the products of the land was small the deitywas displeased and refused to go on. If the deity is delayed [[206]]till the close of the day, that land is dispossessed and the overseership discontinued.Thus [the god] continues till the circuit of the island is complete. | He ’kua poai puni keia i ka moku, ia Hawaii a puni. Ke kino. He kauila ke kino. Ekoluanana ka loa, he kea ma waena, i ke poo o luna loa, o ka laau, he palaoa kai lunaloa, me ka malo loihi eono iwilei ka loa. Ina hele keia akua e kaapuni, ia wa e hookupuai na makaainana a pau i ka waiwai ka puaa, ke kapa, ka hulu. Ina uuku [[207]]ka waiwai o ka aina, hoohalahala ke akua, aole e hele. Ina e kali ke akua a hala kala, alaila, hemo ia aina, pau ka noho konohiki ana, pela no e hele ai a pau ka moku. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BATHING BY JUMPING. | KA LELE KAWA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It is a high precipice where a man jumps from. If the man makes a skillful leap, touchingthe water toes first, it is called iomo, which means “without splash.”[32] | He pali kiekie ia, kahi e lele ai ke kanaka. Ina opu ka lele ana o ke kanaka a kuka nuku o mua, alaila, “he iomo ia.” Ke ano o ia hua olelo, aohe pane kai. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KITE FLYING. | KA HOOLELE LUPE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kapa makes good material for the body of a flying kite, with hau for its cross-sticks. The kite is a fathom long and four and a half feet in width.Twenty times forty fathoms of cord are used, the tail being fifteen fathoms long.To start it two men are required to hold it, with a wooden stake. When the kite fliesit is lost sight of in the sky and wet by the mist;[33] the frame is not so. If the cord breaks the kite drops into the sea. | He kapa ka lupe lele, he lako, he hau ka laau, he anana ka loa, he muku ka laula,he iwakalua kanaha anana ka loa o ke aho, he umikumamalima anana ka loa o ke kakaiapola.I ka wa e hoolele ai, elua kanaka e paa ai me ka pahu laau. I ka lele ana o ka lupe,ua nalowale i ka lewa, ua pulu i ka ua awa, a koe o na laau. Ina e moku, haule i kamoana loa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SURF-RIDING. | KA HEENALU. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A long board is hewn from the wiliwili[34] wood, four fathoms long, some three, and so on down to one fathom; the width is oneyard. Here are the names of the boards and the surfs: | He papa loihi ia i kalai ia, “he wiliwili ka laau.” Eha anana ka loa, ekolu kekahi,pela a hiki i ke anana hookahi, he iwilei ka laula. Eia na inoa o na papa a me kanalu. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The board is alaia,[35] three yards long. The surf is kakala, a curling wave, terrible, death-dealing. | He alaia ka papa (ekolu iwilei ka loa). He kakala ka nalu—he nalu poi, he aaka, hemake. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The board is olo,[36] six yards long. The surf is opuu,[37] a non-breaking wave, something like calmness. | He olo ka papa (eono iwilei ka loa). He opuu ka nalu, he nalu poi ole, he alaneo keano. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If there is no surf, invoke seaward in the following manner: | Ina aohe nalu, alaila, kahea aku i kai, penei e hea ai. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arise, arise ye great surfs from Kahiki, The powerful curling waves. Arise with the pohuehue,[38] Well up, long raging surf. | Ku mai! Ku mai! Ka nalu nui mai Kahiki mai, Alo poi pu! Ku mai ka pohuehue, Hu! Kaikoo loa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
When the surf rises and breaks lay the board on. The man has two places to slide inthe surf, the foam, which is within the curl, or the end, which is outside the curl.[[208]] | I ke ku ana o ka nalu a hai, alaila, hoomoe ka papa, elua wahi a ke kanaka e holoai i ka nalu. O ka hua maloko ia o ka nalu, o ka lala mawaho ia o ka nalu.[[209]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DANCING. | NO KA HULA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Laka, the god of dancing, is the god of all dancers. Laka is a powerful god. Hereis the description: The body is of herb leaves, such as halapepe,[39] an herb like the ieie;[40] also all herb leaves of the forest, the maile,[41] the ginger, the fern, the ki[42] leaves, the ilima[43] wreath. Laka has an altar, a wooden platform whereon everything is placed. It isa place where the dancing-masters and pupils worshiped. This is the way to pray beforethe altar: | O Laka ke ’kua hula, oia ke akua o na hula a pau loa. He akua mana o Laka, eia keano. He lau nahelehele ke kino, oia ka halapepe, he mea like me ka lau o ka ieie.O na lau apau o ke kuahiwi, ka maile, ka awapuhi, ka ieie, ka laki, ka lei ilima.He kuahu ko Laka, he holopapa laau, malaila e kau ai na mea a pau loa. O kahi ia ana kumu hula a me na haumana e hoomana. Penei e hoomana ai i mua o ke kuahu: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
O Laka! Here is food. O Laka! Who has swine, food, fish. O Laka! Who has riches and all things. | E Laka! eia ka mea ai, E Laka i ka puaa, i ka ai, i ka ia. E Laka i ka waiwai, i na mea a pau. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Breast-slapping dance. The meaning is this: Slapping is made on the breast while thehands are moving, and the body in an undulating motion. Calabash dance. It is a dance with a calabash accompaniment. Here is an explanation:A long calabash is furnished, similar to a hokeo, only the former has a neck and a round opening on top, with a string on its side.One teacher and two pupils are the performers, and so on to ten or more, with aboutsix or seven or more substitutes. | Ka hula paiumauma. Eia ke ano, ma ka umauma e pai ai, kuhikuhi na lima, ami o lalo.Ka hula paipu. He hula ia me ka ipu, eia ke ano, he ipu loihi me he hokeo la, he pualinae keia, a he waha poepoe o luna, he kaula ma ka aoao. Hookahi kumu, elua haumana,a pela a hiki i ka umi a keu, eono hoopaa, ehiku, a pela aku no. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Drum dance. The drum is made of coconut [wood] covered on top with shark skin;[44] a coconut shell is also used. The drum is held in one hand and the coconut shellin the other, the latter having been plaited with cords, the opening covered withkala (fish) skin. Here is the mode of dancing. First, the pupil is dressed with a loin-cloth,which makes her look chubby; a wreath rests on the head, and clasps are fastened atthe ankles. Dog teeth and hog teeth (called hulili) encircle the hands, with ivory at the neck. The pupil then sings as she appearsbefore the teacher and the substitutes: | Hula pahu. He niu ka pahu, he ili mano o luna, he puniu kekahi. Ma kekahi lima kapahu, ma kekahi lima ka puniu, ua haku ia i ke kaula, a he ili kala ma ka waha. Peneie hula ai. Ua kahiko ia ka haumana i ka pau, a poheheo, he lei ma ke poo, he kupeema na wawae. He niho ilio, he niho puaa ma na lima (oia he hulili), he palaoa ma kaai. Ia wa oli mai ka haumana i mua o ke kumu a me na hoopaa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fond feelings arise for the friends of the lowlands, Companions in the upper woodlands of Puna, Some report of Kauakahi’s rage At the absence of male friends on the night of invitation. Many are the offspring of Kauahoa, Many are the reports of chiefess Piikea; The garland of the birds down at Halulu, Soaring in the face of the cliff Kahakea. Kalani works on the ornamented board, Ornamented indeed! Put away for a moment the board of the chief The high sea, the clouded sea, The curling sea that came on the month Of the summer, the month of Hinaakukele, The loose sea, a wave of Kane, The boisterous wave, the boisterous tide, The ebb-tide, the rapid current, the strong-sucking current, The transparent sea, the sea which reveals the bottom. [[210]] | Ke walina mai nei ke kini o lalo, Na hoa i ka uka nahele o Puna, Kekahi lono hua e Kauakahi, Nonoho kane i ka po kolohia, Halau lani pua e Kauahoa, Halau e ka lohe lani e Piikea, Ka lei na a ka manu i kai o Halulu, Kaha i ke alo pali e Kahakea, Ka hana o ka lani ka papa nionio I Nionio ia la e! kala iki ha oia papa o ka lani, Ke kainuu, ke kai opua, Ke kai aweawe hiki ka malama, I ke kau nei, ka malama o Hinaakukele, Ke kaina luelue, he ale no Kane, Ka ale kupiki au ke kupiki, Au ko, au koieie, ke kai au mimiki, Ke kai ao, ke kai ahu wale ka papa. [[211]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
KONANE (CHECKERS). | NO KE KONANE. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Two kinds of pebbles are used in the game of konane,[45] white pebbles and black pebbles. Twelve pebbles cover the width, and fifteen pebblesthe length of the checker board, and the number of pebbles used are one hundred andeighty; some boards are larger and more pebbles are used. The first pebble to be placedis paoa, thus: | Elua ano iliili o ke konane. He iliili keokeo, he iliili eleele. He umi-kumamaluailiili ke akea o ka papa, a he umi-kumamalima ka loa, o ka nui o na iliili, hookahihaneri kanawalu a he oi aku kekahi papa he nui na iliili. O ka iliili mua o ke kauana. O paoa ia iliili, penei: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First pebble. Three paoas, the sacrifice paoa, which is one, and two paoas which are not sacrifices. This one pebble has several appellations: Kalanimoku, Kaikilani,Pilikukikapiliahuula, Pilikahili, seven names and moves by this same stone. | Iliili mua. Ekolu paoa. Paoa hai, hookahi ia, elua paoa hai ole. He nui na inoa oia iliili hookahi: Kalanimoku, Kaikilani, Pilikukikapiliahuula, Pilikahili, ahikuinoa a me na hahau ana ia iliili hookahi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From the first pebble to the seventh, in the seventh of the pebbles are several namesand moves, and may be understood from the following: To one pebble there are twelveappellatives and moves. These are the names: Kamooinanea, Honu, Kaniupii, Panaewa,Hua, Kahikumanamana, Naku, Haunakahi, Kaikilani, Kaniumoe, Kalapana, Paoa. | Mai ka iliili akahi a ka iliili ahiku, iloko o ka hiku o na iliili, he nui loa nainoa a me na hahau ana, penei e maopopo ai. Hookahi iliili, he umi-kumamalua inoaa me na papa hahau, eia na inoa: Kamooinanea, Honu, Kaniupii, Panaewa, Hua, Kahikumanamana,Naku, Haunakahi, Kaikilani, Kaniumoe, Kalapana, Paoa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The third pebble has two appellatives and two moves, Hawaiiloa, Eleeleualani. Thefollowing is pronounced during the game: | I ke kolu o ka iliili, elua inoa, a elua hauna iliili. Hawaiiloa, Eleeleualani. Peneika hana i loko o ke konane ana: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That is won; this is on the run; The space is long; the top is falling; Black is indistinct; the whites have won. | O ke kui kela, O ka holo keia, Moe kawa,— Niole ka luna, Hapala ka ele, Na ke kea ka ai. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Here is the interpretation: The kui is the pebble which is moved forward and backward and from a corner to the middleof the board. | Penei ke ano: Ke kui. Oia ka iliili e hoi ana imua a i hope, o ka papa iliili maike kihi a waena. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The holo is the jump made over two or three pebbles, and so on. | Ka holo. Oia ka holo ana o ka iliili maluna o na iliili elua a ekolu paha, a pelaaku no. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vacancy is the distance of a pebble on the other side from the head of the board. Pebbles in line mean that the edges and middle are pretty well guarded, like a narrowheadland in appearance. | Kawa. Oia ke kaawale akea ana o ka iliili ma kekahi aoao, a me ke poo paha o ka papakonane. Niole. Oia ka waiho lalani ana o ka pae iliili ma ke kihi a ma waena iki iho. Me helae kahakai oololi la, ke nana iho. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hapala ka ele, the defeat of the black by the white. | Hapala ka ele. Oia ka make ana o ka iliili eleele i ka iliili keokeo. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Na ke kea ka ai, is the defeat of the black pebbles by the white. | Na ke kea ka ai. Oia ka make ana i ka iliili keokeo o ka iliili eleele. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAT’S CRADLE. | NO KA HEI. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A string one fathom long is required. The two hands are employed, but at first fourfingers, two of the right hand and two of the left only are engaged. In case the tenfingers are all employed the teeth are required in biting. There are many cradles,and their name chants to be recounted, and it is full of merriment to hear them recited.Lands and people are mentioned in the chants which accompany the play. Kuehoopioekalais one of the most renowned, its representation by the string is like a turtle inappearance. It has a chant, as follows:[[212]] | Hookahi anana ka loa o ke kaula, elua lima e hana ai, eha manamana lima mamua, eluao ka akau, elua o ka hema. A pau loa na manamana he umi, alaila, aaki ka niho. Henui na hei a me na inoa e hana ai, a he lealea loa ka heluhelu ana; a ua komo ka aina,a me ke kanaka i loko o ka hei ana. Eia kekahi hei kaulana, o Kuehoopioekala, o konakii ma ke kaula, ua like ia me ka honu, ke nana iho. He mele kona penei:[[213]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arise and defeat the sun; The sun at the field of Ahuena, And enter the calm of Kailua. | Ku e hoopio ka la, Ka la i ke kula o Ahuena, Komo i ka lai o Kailua la. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kona. With the same set, making only a slight change it becomes Kona, whose representationis like a spider: | O Kona. Hookahi hei ana, a wehe ae o Kona ia, ua like kona kii me ka nanana: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That is Kona of the calm sea, Which embraces the limits of Kapulau. The ao is singing at Waiulaula, At the path which there lies That man may travel on. | O Kona ia o ke kai malino, Ke hele la i waho o Kapulau, Kani ka ao i Waiulaula, A ke alanui e waiho nei, A ke kanaka e hele ai. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kau. Like a newly built ship is its representation. It also has a chant: | O Kau. Ua like me ka moku hou o ke kapili ana, pela kona kii. He mele no kona: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Great Kau, stormy back, Standing alone; odorous with dirt; The koae flies away, the odor remains. | Kau nui kua makani Kukohana, hauna lepo, Lele koae la, ku maea. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Puna. Its representation is like that of a house in appearance, and has a chant: | O Puna. O kona ano me he hale la kona kii ke nana iho. He mele no: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That is Puna of the creeping sea, Which groans in the pandanus grove; It is the sea of Puna at Keaau. | O Puna ia o ke kai kolo, E nu ana i ka ulu hala, Ke kai o Puna i Keaau. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hilo. Its representation is like that of a four-fingered meshed net. It has a chant: | O Hilo. Ua like me ka “Upena Mahae” kona kii. He mele no: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That is Hilo of the fire-quenching rain, The unending rain of Hilo. | O Hilo ia o ka ua kinakinai, Ka ua mao ole o Hilo. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamakua is represented as a lounge, and has a chant: | O Hamakua. Ke ano o Hamakua, ua like me ka noho koki, he mele no: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
That is Hamakua Of the precipice—of the steep path; The hand is holding the rope, The teeth are retaining the gourd At the cliffs of Koholalele. | O Hamakua ia, O ka pali, o ka ulili, Ke paa ala ka lima i ke kaula, Ke aki la ka niho i ka ipu, I ka pali e Koholalele. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Waipio and Waimanu. Their representation on the cat’s cradle is like the plains ofKamaomao, on Maui, lying desolate with the two hands up. | O Waipio ma laua o Waimanu. O ko laua kii ma ka hei ana, he like me ke kula o Kamaomaoi Maui, ka waiho alaneo a pii na poo i luna. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kohala. It is represented as a level flat, like Nuuanu street from Kaopuaua to Maemae.It has a chant: | O Kohala. Ua papu iliwai like kona kii, e like me ke alanui Nuuanu mai Kaopuaua aMaemae. He mele no: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Small Kohala; great Kohala; Kohala of the apaapaa rain. The companion of Kalahikiola; The hills which remain in the uplands; Only the people wander away. | O Kohala iki, O Kohala nui, O Kohala ua apaapaa. O pili o Kalahikiola, O na puu noho no i uka, O kanaka no ke hele. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pili and Kalahikiola, a desolate land between, a hill on each side. | O Pili a me Kalahikiola. He alaneo o waena, he puu ma na aoao. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kinikuapuu is another cradle which actually represents a hunchback. It has a chant:[[214]] | O Kinikuapuu. He hei no ia, he like no me ke kuapuu. He mele kona:[[215]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
O Kinikuapuu, The one who ate the banana of Kahuoi, I ate not your banana. When the sun rises there is warmth. There are Ieiea and Poopalu, The fishermen of Makalii; They are whipping the long fish-line. By fishing with the line, wife collects [the fish] While the children climb the coconut tree. That is the coconut, yet you beg; It is not to be had, not even by you. | O Kinikuapuu, Ka mea nana i ai ka ea maia a Kahuoi, Ua ai la hoi au i kau ea maia, I ka hikina ae a ka la pumehana, O Ieiea, o Poopalu, O na lawaia a Makalii, E kaka ana i ke aho loa, Kuukuu kaula, ohi wale ka wahine, Na keiki pii niu, He niu la hoi ia ia oe ka mali, He mali loaa wale la ia ia oe. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
THE PUZZLE. | KA PU. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A long rope one fathom and over in length [is required]. It is a gambling game, evento one’s person being wagered. To lock and to unlock the puzzle were two calls. Chooseeither locked or unlocked, and if the call was correct and so forth, the wager waswon. A song was first chanted: | He kaula loihi, hookahi anana a oi ae kona loa, he mea piliwaiwai, a pili i na iwi.O ka paa o ka hemo, elua ai. Ina e koho i ka paa, a i ole o ka hemo. Ina e pololeike koho ana, eo, a pela aku. He kau mamua e oli ai. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
There it is; there it is; The well-known wreath of Hilo, With the three-stranded line of Ikua. Hanalei is grumbling; Grumbling at the fish inlet At Kawainui. Sluggishly Lingers the Kualau rain The weary enjoys a residence in Kaukaopua. O my beloved husband, A blossom of Mana, With parents at Koolau, With parents at the cliff of Honopu, Parents at the beloved cliff. | Aia la! aia la! Kumakalei Hilo, I ke aho kaakolu o Ikua, Wa Hanalei e! Wa i na makaha ia, A Kawainui, maoeha, Ka apa a ka ua Kualau, Kui aku ka luhi noho i Kaukaopua, Aloha wale kuu kane, He ao no Mana, Makua i Koolau, Makua i ka pali o Honopu, Makua i ka pali aloha e! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Then one player says to the other: “Our beloved one, locked or unlocked, which doyou choose?” If he chooses the unlocked and it is locked, then he loses, and so on. | Alaila i aku i ka hoa lealea: “O ka mea aloha a kaua, o ka paa o ka hemo. Mahea oe?”Ina i koho i ka hemo, a i hemo ole, “eo,” a pela aku no. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GAME OF KOI. | KE KOI. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It is a gambling game, and here is an explanation. A round stone like an iron ball,a sloping runway about an arm’s length in depth. A trench-like contrivance is madewith a curve, like a water-course. When the ball comes to a stop without being overtakenby another, then the game is won. After winning and the stakes are lost to the otherside, the winner exclaims in reviling tones: | He pili waiwai ana ia, eia ke ano, he pohaku poepoe e like me ka poka hao, he wahipalipali kamoe, he hailima ke kiekie a oi ae. A o kona wahi e holo ai, ua hana auwahaia a uakee ae me ka moe pio, me he auwai la. Aia a hiki i ka pau ana o ka ulu, a loaaole aku i kekahi ulu, alaila, eo. I ke eo ana, a lilo ka waiwai i kekahi aoao, alaila, puka na olelo hoonaukiuki aka mea i ko. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beloved is the cliff of Koloa; The front facing Waihanau. Alas, the brother Returning to the long barren shore empty-handed. Long! O how long is the returning. [[216]] | Aloha ka pali o Koloa, Ke alo huli i Waihanau la e! Aloha ka hoahanau, Ka hoi wale i ke kaha loa, Loa! Loa ka hoi ana. [[217]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ARROW-SLINGING. | NO KE KEA PUA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It was one of the most enjoyable pastimes of old days. This is its description. Thatwould be a good arrow if it dropped at a distance of three or four times forty fathomsfrom the place of slinging. There are various ways of slinging arrows and the kindsof arrows are many also, for selection. The flower-stalk of the sugar-cane is usedfor arrows. Here are the kinds of arrows: If it has no stems it is called the lehua eater; if the arrow has blotches it is a man eater; if the body of the arrow is twistedit is a roll; if the arrow is cut short it is a stump, and so on. As is the characterof the body of the arrow so is its flight. A spiral knot is made at the fore end ofthe arrow to keep it enfolded and balance its lightness and steady it in the wind. | Oia kekahi hana lealea loa o ka wa kahiko. Eia ke ano. Oia ka pua lele i hiki konahaule ana i na kaau anana ekolu a eha paha, mai ke kahua kea pua a kona wahi i hauleai. He nui ke ano o ke ka “pua,” a he nui na loina o ke kino o ka pua ke nana, o kapua o ke ko, oia ke mea e kea pua ai. Eia ke ano o na pua. Ina niau ole ka pua, heai lehua ia. Ina puupuu nui ka pua, he aikanaka ia. Ina wili ke kino o ka pua, heowili ia. Ina e oki ia ka pua a pauku, he omoku ia pua, a pela aku no. E like me keano o ke kino o ka pua, pela no ka lele ana. He omua mamua o ka pua, he mea e wahi ai i ke kumu, i ole e mama a olepelepe ka leleana i ka makani. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arrow-slinging was therefore a gambling game to which everybody from all places couldcome. It was the pride of a skillful boy or man slinger. A very famous arrow of oldentime was called Pua-ne.[46] | Nolaila, he mea piliwaiwai ke kea pua, e hiki i ko kela wahi keia wahi ke hele mai.He mea kaulana no ke keiki akamai a me ke kanaka. A pela hoi kekahi pua kaulana loai ka wa kahiko, o “Pua-ne,” ka inoa. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OF COCK-FIGHTING. | NO KA HOOHAKAKA MOA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It was one of the sports and a source of gambling in the group of islands in oldentimes. A cock has a trait to be looked for, and by the features a powerful or weakrooster might be known. If the cock was of grey and white spots, or yellow, or ofany other color, if the voice was despicable and the fowl looked weighty and big-bellied,it was called auha; he would run away from his opponent after the first round, thereby called “auha,” full of excrements. If the bird was of a whitish grey and the voice agreeable,like the voice of the wild duck, and the bill black, it was a bony black bill. Itwas very powerful for three rounds and long-winded during the fight. If a red birdand slow in crowing, it was a very long-winded cock before its adversary. | Oia kekahi mea lealea, a mea piliwaiwai ma keia mau pae aina i ka wa kahiko. He anoko ka moa ma ka nana ana, a ma ke ano e ike ia ai ka moa ikaika a me ka moa ikaikaole. Ina he nene ka moa, a he puahau paha, a he moa e ae, ina inoino ka leo, a polupoluopunui ka moa ke nana aku, he auha ka inoa o ia moa. Hookahi ana ai holo i ka hoapaio,kapaia, “he auha kukae nui.” Ina he uakea keokeo ka moe, a he lea ka leo, me he koloake kani, a eleele ka nuku, he nuku uli lawa ia. He moa ikaika loa ekolu ai, a he aholoa no hoi i ka wa hakaka. Ina he ulahiwa a kohi ka leo ke kani, he moa aho loa iai mua o kona hoapaio. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
If the bosom of the rooster was straight that the breast could not be discerned itwas a powerful bird and could not be hit by the spurs of an opponent. Cocks are ofvarious kinds and characteristics. If property was wagered, or other things perhaps,then cock-fighting was kept up continuously, to keep the birds in practice for dodging and slipping under the wings [of opponents],that their combs might not be injured, nor [themselves] struck by the spurs. | Ina pololei ka poli o ka moa a umauma ole ke nana aku, he moa ikaika ia, aole e kui ke kakala o kekahi moa. He nui na ano a me na loina o na moa. Ina he piliwaiwaia he mea e ae paha, alaila, hoohakaka mau ka moa. I walea i ka alo a me ke palemomalalo o ka eheu i ole e pau ka lepe, a e ku hoi i ke kakala. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Counts made by a rooster were of great importance. If the fowl was strong in kickingit was a count. If strong at pecking it was a count; if strong at striking with thewings it was a count; if the adversary ran away it was a count. If that one roosterpossessed all the counts, it was a powerful bird, it could get three or four opponents. | Na ai a ka moa he mea nui ia. Ina ikaika ka moa ma ka peku ana, he ai ia. Ina ikaikai ke kiko, he ai ia. Ina ikaika i ke pai o ka eheu, he ai ia. Ina holo ka hoapaio,he ai ia. Ina pau loa na ai ia moa hookahi, oia ka moa ikaika, e loaa no ekolu hoahakaka, a eha paha. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The strongest birds were those smoked in the house. This is the method: Light a firebeneath the roost with the cock thereon directly over the fire. The smoke would ascenduntil it reached the eyes, the water poured out leaving the eyes dry and looking thisside and that of the smoke. That was the cock skillful in foiling and dodging, andcould not be pecked. Such was Kawauhelemoa, one of the celebrated fighting cocks of Hawaii nei in olden times.[[193]] | O na moa ikaika loa, oia na moa i kau ia i ka uwahi i loko o ka hale. Penei ke ano.Kahu ke ahi malalo, maluna ka haka o ka moa me ka moa e kau ai. Nee ae ka uwahi aloaa i na maka, kahe ka wai, a koe ka maka me ka alo ma o ma o o ka uwahi, alaila,oia ka moa akamai i ke palemo, a me ka alo, aole e loaa i ke kiko. Pela no hoi o Kawauhelemoakekahi moa kaulana o Hawaii nei i ka wa kahiko.[[219]] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
[1] Uki (Dianella odorata), a pithy plant, flowers somewhat sweet-scented. [↑] [2] Uwiuwi (Kadua Cookiana), a fragrant plant in leaf, or blossom, as is its smoke also in burning. [↑] [3] Ulei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia), a shrub of straight growth, its wood of fine, hard grain, furnishing poles, spears,etc. [↑] [4] A word used to designate the person or object aimed at. [↑] [5] Inclined towards a noon sleep. [↑] [6] Malio, designating a person by hidden meaning. [↑] [7] Hao, a fine tree (Rauwolfia sandwichensis), figurative of the objective person in the game, man or woman. [↑] [8] Name of a cold wind; hidden figurative term for the kilu gourd. [↑] [9] The meaning is not given, but may be understood as hoka, careless, blundering. [↑] [11] A teasing, exultant expression over an opponent. [↑] [12] Waima may be a personage, or an object. The expressions throughout are all figurative. [↑] [15] Expression of mating in the game without restraint or jealousy. [↑] [16] God or goddess of love. [↑] [17] The hau rod in the hand of the chanter. [↑] [18] An assertion of steadfast assurance. [↑] [20] Lava flow of the volcano. [↑] [22] Referring to the damage by a flow, as also the chant following, all of which is figurativelanguage of hidden meaning. [↑] [23] This game of hiding the stone was accompanied with much gambling. [↑] [24] Hailima, a measure of length not now used. [↑] [25] Olohu, name of a game, as also the stone with which it was played on Oahu and on Maui.On other islands the stone was termed ulu and the game was called maika. The point of the game was to roll the stone the greatest distance on a preparedcourse. Emerson, in his notes on this game in Malo’s Antiquities, suggests that theold time use of immature breadfruit, gave its name, ulu, to the stone designed for the special purpose. [↑] [26] The Hawaiian swing was a single rope of plaited vine, not the loop swing with whichall are familiar. Its name, kowali, is from the running vine koali (Ipomea tuberculata) which furnished a convenient and strong cordage by the braiding together of severalstrands. The swinging was not done by pushing, but by two persons in opposite directionspulling alternately on ropes affixed to the cross piece seat of the swing. [↑] [27] The new year’s sporting festivities attended the procession of gods at the tax gatheringtours. Malo states this season began in Ikuwa (October), not Welehu (November). [↑] [28] This does not agree with the generally accepted division of the month, as this listshows but three Ku days, whereas there were four, as with the Ole days. The thirtydays of the calendar are made up by adding Hoaka, Muku being the last day of the monthwith all Hawaiians. [↑] [29] Inside and outside were the terms indicating east and west, in Kohala. The woodenor short god was carried eastward till it reached the border of the district, whenceit returned. The feather god referred to was doubtless the long god, Lono, with featherwreaths decorating the banner cross stick. [↑] [30] This was Lono, the makahiki god, a carved image of small size surmounting a long joint-shaped pole, near thehead of which was a decorated cross stick carrying a kapa banner. [↑] [31] Tributes in the way of annual taxes, which were collected by the konohikis of a district from the people were deposited at the border of each ahupuaa beforehand along the route of the god’s journey, and ample to satisfy the deity (throughits kahus) so as to cause no delay, on pain of severe penalty on all parties concerned. [↑] [32] The acme of skill in leaping into the water, with Hawaiians, regardless of height,was to enter the water feet first, with the least agitation of the water. The Tahitians’enjoyment of the sport was the reverse, for they delight to create the greatest splash,to accomplish which they double their feet under them in jumping from a height, soas to plump into the water with the greatest possible commotion. Diving headfirstinto the water is seldom if ever practiced by either race. [↑] [33] The Hawaiian kite is six-sided in shape, the horizontal stick of the frame crossinga little above the middle, making the upper portion shorter than the lower. Kapa kites of early days, wet by moisture in the clouds, became ragged and torn. [↑] [34] While wiliwili may be the preferred wood for surf boards, on account of its lightness, koa and breadfruit boards are also in common use. [↑] [35] Alaia is the name given to a small, thin, surf board. [↑] [36] Olo was the large, thick, wiliwili surf board. [↑] [37] Opuu, the blind-breaker character of surf prevalent during calm periods. [↑] [38] Hawaiians had two methods of surf coaxing during calm weather, the general methodbeing for a swimming party to take several strands of the sea-convolvulus vine, andswinging it around the head lash it down unitedly upon the water until the desiredundulating waves were obtained, at the same time chanting for a response to theireffort. (Hawaiian Annual, 1896.) Surf riding has a wider range of sport than shown above, for canoe surfingis also very generally practiced, and occasionally body surfing. This requires strong,expert swimmers to attain sufficient momentum to ride in on the surf without a boardor other support. This, termed kaha nalu, is still practiced. [↑] [39] Halapepe (Dracaena aurea). [↑] [40] Ieie (Freycinetia arnotti). [↑] [41] Maile (Alyxia olivaeformis). [↑] [42] Ki (Cordyline terminalis). [↑] [43] Ilima (Sida of several species). [↑] [44] The drums here referred to were made most conveniently from coconut log sections,the pithy nature of its core lending itself more readily to hollowing, whether byfiring or adze-chipping till reaching the hard surface wood. These hula drums were about two feet in height, as the performer used them while in a sittingor kneeling position, tapping with the open hand on the shark-skin head, as it stoodon the ground beside him. [↑] [45] It is notable that several features in the game of konane identify it with Lonoikamakahiki and his wife Kaikilani, to keep fresh the traditionof their quarrel during a konane contest. For instance: Kaikilani’s name occurs twice in the names of pebbles andmoves; the names and moves of the third pebble are those of Lono’s royal insigniaon his tour of the islands, and the game chant is the same as sung by Kaikilani todivert her husband’s attention from the chant of her lover on the cliff above them.A number of other celebrities are immortalized in like manner, viz: Kamooinanea, thelizard grandmother of Aukelenuiaiku; Panaewa, the evil god who essayed to thwart Hiiakaand companion in carrying out Pele’s mission, and Hua, the king whose wicked deedsbrought famine on the land so that “his bones bleached in the sun.” [↑] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FORNANDER COLLECTION
OF
HAWAIIAN ANTIQUITIES AND FOLK-LORE
THE HAWAIIANS’ ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THEIR ISLANDS AND ORIGIN OF THEIR RACE WITH THE TRADITIONS OF THEIR MIGRATIONS, Etc., AS GATHERED FROM ORIGINAL SOURCES
BY
ABRAHAM FORNANDER
Author of “An Account of the Polynesian Race”
WITH TRANSLATIONS EDITED AND ILLUSTRATED WITH NOTES BY
THOMAS G. THRUM
Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum
Volume VI—Part II
HONOLULU, H. I.
Bishop Museum Press
1919