142. Strutt, p. 86, "Tip-cat." Brand, ii. 303, "Kit-cat." The game, which is played in Hindostan, N. and Q., 4th ser. IV. 93, may probably have made its way into Europe from the East.—German, Handelmann, p. 89, "Kipseln." Vernaleken, p. 29, "Titschkerln."—Italian, Bernoni, p. 81; p. 82, "Chiba e Cheba."
143. Brand, ii. 305.
144. (a) German, Rochholz, p. 426. Vernaleken, p. 25.—French, Celnart, p. 379, "La Fossette aux Noyaux," played with cherry-stones or plum-stones. The fillip given to the stone is called poguer, poke. Froissart appears to allude to this game, (b) Also ancient.—Italian, Gianandrea, No. 20, "Battemuro."
145. German, Handelmann, p. 92, "Kaak."—Italian, Gianandrea, No. 17, "La Checca."
146. Strutt, p. 266. Brand, ii. 330, "Scotch-hoppers" mentioned A.D. 1677.—German, Vernaleken, p. 38, "Tempelhupfen."—Italian, Bernoni, p. 84, "El Campanon."—French, Celnart, p. 379, "La Marelle."—Hindostan, N. and Q., 4th ser. IV. 93.
147. German, Handelmann, p. 96, "Stickmest."
148. Though played in Great Britain, the game is not (so far as we know) mentioned by writers.—French, Celnart, p. 375 f., "Les Osselets."—Spanish, Marin, pp. 80-95, 150-159, "Juego de las Chinas," "Game of the Stones."—German, Meier, p. 145.—Japanese, Tedama, "Hand-balls."
149. Rhymes for counting out are used throughout Europe, and examples could be cited of types corresponding to most of the English forms, and sometimes evidently related. Peculiar is the usage in Spain, where the syllables are told off alternately on the closed hands of a player, who holds a pebble; if the last syllable falls on the hand containing the stone, the lad proving his fortune is free, and so on until only one child remains. The custom has given a proverb to the language. Marin, i. 117. A like usage (without the rhymes) we have found to be the usual way of selection in a town of Pennsylvania (Bethlehem).
150. First printed in Ritson's "Gammer Gurton's Garland." Other original versions: (1) Gent.'s Mag., Sept. 1823; (2), (3) The Critic, Jan. 15, 1857, and (4) Feb. 2, 1857. The last mentioned is nearly identical with our B. The communicator of (1) refers it, through an aged informant, to a lady born in the reign of Charles II.; it has several more verses than the last, generally agreeing with our E, but lacks the ending. The rhyme, in England, appears at present to be known as a song only. The European rhyme is properly a dialogue, the verses being sung alternately by the warders and the approaching party; the former, whose joined and lowered arms represent the fallen bridge, do not elevate them until the negotiations are concluded. The game is, no doubt, that mentioned under the name of "Coda Romana," by G. Villani, Istorie Fiorent., A.D. 1328, ch. xcvi., as played by the boys of Florence, in which the question put to the imprisoned player is said to have been, "Guelf or Ghibelline?"—German, Meier, p. 101 (cited), etc. Mannhardt in Zeitschr. f. d. Myth., iv. 301-320, gives twenty-seven versions, including Slavic, Hungarian, Scandinavian.—Swedish, Arwiddson, iii. 250.—French, Chabreul, p. 117, "Le Ciel et l'Enfer." Celnart, p. 52, 'Le Pontlevis.'—Italian, Bernoni, p. 46, "Le Porte." Corazzini, pp. 90-93; p. 87 (a mixed form with No. 154).—Spanish, A. de Ledesma, A.D. 1605, beginning "Fallen is the bridge." See Marin, i. 166-168.—For the English rhyme, see also N. and Q., 1st Ser. II. p. 338.
The name "Lady Lee" in the song may imply a legend. We read in Nature, June 15, 1871, p. 118: "It is not, for example, many years since the present Lord Leigh was accused of having built an obnoxious person—one account, if we remember right, said eight obnoxious persons—into the foundation of a bridge at Stoneleigh." The communicator of version (2) (The Critic, Jan. 15, 1857) spelt the name Leigh, and took "the Lady Leigh of the song to be the wife of Sir Thomas Leigh, who was Lord Mayor of London in 1558, ... ancestor of the noble family of Leigh of Stoneleigh, Warwickshire." Compare the ballad of "The Bridge of Arta," Passow, Pop. Carmina Græciæ Recent., No. 511; Tommaseo, Cant. Pop. Toscani, iii. 174 f.; F. Liebrecht, Zur Volkskunde, 1879, p. 284.