Fig. 8
23. Floor Construction.—The floor construction of the building consists of 3" × 6" yellow-pine pieces, set on edge and spiked together. Such a construction as this is available for spans between girders of from 10 to 15 feet, and does away with all secondary girders, or beams. It also has an advantage in that it presents a neat ceiling beneath when the edges of the planks forming the rough flooring are beveled. On the top of this rough flooring, which is designed for carrying the floor load, and which is so constructed that the joints in the different pieces are broken, a 1-inch or 1¼-inch maple flooring is laid. Maple is used for finished floors in factories principally on account of its hardness and the excellent wearing surface that it affords. The maple flooring available in the market runs in lengths of from 3 to 16 feet, but the cost of the floor is greatly increased if a minimum length of 6 or 8 feet is specified. Usually the flooring is tongued and grooved and hollowed on the back, as indicated in [Fig. 8]. The hollow back prevents the flooring from curling. In a better class of finished flooring, the pieces are end-joined, or provided with a tongue and groove on the end. This prevents the end of the flooring from turning up and interfering with the smoothness of the floor and the operation of trucks over it.
Fig. 9
24. Waterproofing and Dust Proofing.—For the purpose of deadening sound, and sometimes for the sake of waterproofing, sheathing paper or felt is inserted between the finished flooring and the rough plank. By the introduction of paper between the maple and the rough flooring, dust and dirt are prevented from falling through the crevices due to the shrinkage of the flooring boards above.
It is usual in finishing a floor around the edge to use about 2-inch quarter-round molding, as indicated at c, Fig. 7. This molding is also used around the wooden columns, or posts.
In order to prevent the posts from splintering at the corner, and so that there is less likelihood of the occupants being hurt, a stop-chamfer, or arris, is formed on the corner.
25. Splice Pieces.—There is one feature which must not be overlooked in mill construction, such as occurs in this figure, and that is that since the girders butt against the columns on top of the post caps, usually flush, there is nothing to carry the boards at d, therefore yellow-pine pieces or steel angles must be provided, as indicated at e. These splice pieces answer two purposes, namely, to form a bearing for the ends of the planks f, f, f, and also to tie the girders rigidly together longitudinally, and thus increase the rigidity of the floor construction.
For a similar reason, it is necessary to form a ledge, either by reducing the size of the pier above, or by corbeling out, at the window openings, as shown at g, for the support of the floor planks at h h. On the top of the corbel so formed, usually a 3" × 8" yellow-pine piece is securely anchored to the wall, to provide a bearing for the ends of the rough floor planking.
26. Reference to i and j, Fig. 7, shows that there is very little room between the head of the window and the bottom of the floor construction. By this means, the maximum amount of light near the ceiling is obtained, and, besides, the ventilation is greatly facilitated. This is one of the important features in factory designing, as well as in school-house architecture.