Total population: 23,258,760

It will be seen from the above, that the total number of immigrants arriving in the United States from 1790 to 1850, a period of 60 years, is estimated to have been 2,759,329—or an average of 45,988 annually for the whole period. It will be observed also that the estimated increase of these emigrants has been 1,590,405, making the total number added to the population of the United States since 1790, by foreign immigrants and their descendants, 4,350,934. Of these immigrants and their descendants, those from Ireland bear the largest proportion, probably more than one half of the whole, or say two and a half millions. Next to these the Germans are the most numerous. From the time that the first German settlers came to this country, in 1682, under the auspices of William Penn, there has been a steady influx of immigrants from Germany, principally to the Middle States; and of late years to the West.

The density of population is a branch of the subject which naturally attracts the attention of the inquirer. Taking the thirty-one States together, their area is 1,485,870 square miles, and the average number of their inhabitants is 15.48 to the square mile. The total area of the United States is 3,280,000 square miles, and the average density of population is 7.22 to the square mile.

From the location, climate, and productions, and the habits and pursuits of their inhabitants, the States of the Union may be properly arranged into the following groups:

Divisions.Area in sq. miles.Population.Inhab. to sq. m.
New Engl'd States (6)63,2262,727,59743.07
Middle States, including Maryland, Delaware and Ohio (6)151,7608,653,71357.02
Coast Planting States, including South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana (6)286,0773,537,08912.36
Central Slave States: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas(6)308,2105,168,00016.75
Northwestern States: Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Iowa (5)250,0002,735,00010.92
Texas237,321212,000.89
California188,982165,000.87

Table of the area, and the number of inhabitants to the square mile, in each State and Territory in the Union.

Free States.Area in sq. milesPopulation in 1850.Inhab. to sq. m.
Maine30,000583,18819.44
New Hampshire9,280317,96434.26
Vermont10,212314,12030.07
Massachusetts7,800994,499126.11
Rhode Island1,306147,544108.05
Connecticut4,674370,79179.83
New York46,0003,097,39467.66
New Jersey6,320489,33360.04
Pennsylvania46,0002,311,78650.25
Ohio39,9641,980,40849.55
Indiana33,809988,41629.23
Illinois55,405851,47015.37
Iowa50,914192,2143.77
Wisconsin53,924305,1915.45
Michigan56,243397,6547.07
California188,982165,000.87
Minnesota Terr.83,0006,077.07
Oregon ditto341,46313,293.04
Mew Mexico ditto219,77461,547.28
Utah ditto187,92311,380.06
Total1,474,99313,419,190
Slaveholding States.
Delaware2,12091,53543.64
Maryland9,356583,03562.31
Dis. of Columbia6051,687861.45
Virginia61,3521,421,66123.17
North Carolina45,000868,90319.30
South Carolina24,500668,50727.28
Georgia58,000905,99915.68
Florida59,26887,4011.47
Alabama50,723771,67115.21
Mississippi47,126606,55512.86
Louisiana46,431511,97411.02
Texas237,321212,592.89
Arkansas52,198209,6394.01
Tennessee45,6001,002,62521.98
Kentucky37,680982,40526.07
Missouri67,380682,04310.12
Total844,1159,638,223

It will be observed that a large proportion of the area of the Free States and Territories is comprised in the unsettled country west of the Mississippi. The following Territories, inhabited by Indians, also lie west of the Mississippi.

Nebraska Territory: 136,700 square miles.