| H. | 5.35 | average time out and back. |
| K. | 3.07 | " |
| J. | 1.29 | " |
| I. | 1.07 | " |
| G. | .94 | " |
| B. | .84 | " |
SUBJECTIVE.
All the six subjects whose time records appear in Table I. and also four others whose time was not recorded reported eye movements, or a tendency to eye movement. A. and K. reported that when the image was dim there was accommodation as for long vision and when the image was vivid there was accommodation as for near vision. B. ideated the new position and the eye movement occurred automatically. G. reported a contraction of the scalp muscles and a tendency to cast the eyes up and locate the image at the back of the head inside; this was an inveterate habit. He reported also accommodation for the different distances of the image and an after-feeling of strain in the head. H. reported a strong tendency in the eyes to return to the center, i.e., the original position, and to carry the image back there. All the subjects frequently reported a sense of relief in the eye muscles when the command to return the image to the center was given—also, a tension in the forehead in the upward movement which was accentuated (with H.) when there was headache. J. reported, 'always eye strain,' and noticed that the eyes usually turned as far as the new position, but sometimes stopped short of it. K. reported first an eye movement, then an ideation of the image in the new position. E. and H. turned the head to right and left for movements of the image in those directions. A., B., E. and F. believed that they could inhibit the eye movement. Subjects were at times unconscious of eye movements. H. articulated the names of the colors of the image and found that it aided the movement of the image to say to himself, for example: "Don't you see that blue square there?"
All but J. reported a loss in vividness and also, though to a less degree, in distinctness whenever the image was moved away from the center. J. found no difference. H. reported that details of the object which were reproduced in the image when at the center were not discernible in the image in other positions, also that at the left the image was more vivid than at the right. B.'s memory image of a watch, three minutes after it was called up, was still so clear that he read from it the time. E., who was an experienced photographer, had no difficulty in recalling outline, light and shade, but had difficulty in reproducing color. I. frequently lost the form in making the required improvements.
Under manipulation the memory image usually retained its distinctness and vividness with no loss or with but slight loss when in its original position, to the end of the five minutes of the experiment. The image, also, seldom disappeared except for the momentary disappearances in passing from one position to another, which are referred to later. Under passive observation of the memory image disappearances, though of short duration, were frequent and there was a noticeable fading away of color and loss of outline.
The memory image almost without exception, when first recalled, was located in the direction and at the distance of the object presented.
In moving from the center to right and left the image remained in the same plane with a few exceptions; in moving up and down it moved on an arc whose center was at the eye. This was especially true of the downward motion, which was almost always to a greater distance than any of the other motions.
C., D., F. and H. felt the need of a support for the image in any except the central position. This was true especially of the position above the center, but was entirely overcome by practice by C., F. and H., and partially by D. In movements where time was to be recorded, the distance was from six to eighteen inches, but the image could be carried by all the eleven subjects to any part of the room or beyond the room. Usually the method followed was to fix the attention on the suggested position and then the image appeared there, sometimes complete at the outset, but usually in part at first, then developing instantly to completion. When the subject was requested to trace the image in transitu, this could usually be accomplished, but the time was much longer. Frequently, in such a case, the image was lost during the last third or fifth of its journey. J. "felt conscious of a something that went in the suggested direction but did not develop details out of this material; had to await development of the image at the new locality." "At times forced this development out of the vague something that seemed to go over." G. had 'no feeling of transition in space.' K. did not perceive the image in transitu. I. perceived the image in transitu when the movement was away from the center but when the image was to return to the center its passage was too quick to be followed; 'it came out at the center.'
J. noticed that in moving from the center the image took a curved path towards himself, and that the position to which the image moved always seemed further away than the position from which it came, but the new position seemed to be readjusted when the next movement occurred.
The return to the center seemed easier to all the subjects except G., who was conscious of no difference between the movements with respect to ease. Several described the return to the center as like the return of a small ball snapped back by a stretched elastic cord.