The other conditions were exactly as in the last experiment.


A table for the individual subjects, indicating not only the omitted but also the displaced and imperfect objects would have, for instance, the following character: C indicates that the effort was made to associate by Contiguity, S by Similarity.

SPOKEN NOUNS, ALTERNATED WITH PRINTED NONSENSE SYLLABLES

Nouns Omitted Syll. Omitted Displaced Imperfect
CSCSCSCS
Turley13162114713610
Emerson45261674413
Miss Kent 5815818594
Flexner4610973816
Toll8782101283
Total3442804949373546

If we consider total results only, and among them only the omitted elements, we come to the following percentages. They give the percentage of the errors of omissions among the elements recalled.

1.Letters and numbers alternatedC26.S10.8
2.Letters, alternatingly disalignedC21.2S15.
3.Letters irregularly disalignedC23.8S22.4
4.Numbers irregularly disalignedC7.S20.
5.Nonsense Syllables, irregularly markedC27.5S27.5
6.Nouns and Nonsense Syllables alternated, spokenC35.S37.2
7.Nouns and Nonsense Syllables alternated, nouns spoken, syllables printedC28.5S22.7

In the second group, experiments 8 to 11, not the errors of omission, but, as explained above, the different kinds of reproduced elements, had to be analyzed with special reference to the question whether a sequence linked two contiguous or two similar objects. In the following table the total number of recalled sequences is taken as basis and the different kinds of sequences are given in percentages of it. The elements themselves are described above. B means a break, that is, a sequence without similarity or contiguity.

8.Dissimilar elements, similarly presentedS45C28B28
9.Dissimilar elements, different kind in each seriesS53C25B21
10.Similar elements, dissimilarly presentedS54C20B26
11.Dissimilar elements, dissimilarly presentedS (Meaning)27C7B8
S (Presentation)13.

The results by the first method of measurement may be summarized as follows, though the first and third conclusions are weakened by disagreement among the individual subjects.