Harvard Psychological Studies, Volume 2

by Unknown

TYPICAL SERIES FOR THE MONTH

Key.
v = mean error.
R.H. = right hand.
R.F. = right foot.
E.O. = eyes open.
si. = simple motion
N = normal line.
Unit = 1 mm.
L.H. = left hand.
L.F. = left foot.
E.C. = eyes closed.
co. = compound motion.
M = mean line.
b = beats per minute.
c = constant error.

			Beats per minute.
Day.	Subject.	See Key.	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	100	120	140	160	180	200	140
6	Hylan.	N	10	10.5	11	11	10	10	10	12	10	12	10	11	11
	L.F.E.O.	M	16.1	13.5	12.1	13.8	13.1	10.0	10.0	11.2	12.5	12.0	6.1	11.0	14.21
		c	+6.1	+3.0	+1.1	+2.8	+3.1	0.0	0.0	-0.8	+2.5	0.0	-3.9	0.0	+3.2
		v	2.8	3.5	1.9	0.9	1.6	4.6	2.0	2.7	1.2	1.0	1.3	2.1	4.0
	Hylan.	N	10	11	10	12	10	12	11	11	11	11	11.5	11	11
	L.F.E.C.	M	8.9	10.5	10.9	11.4	13.1	10.3	11.8	13.1	13.9	15.8	11.0	15.0	17.8
		c	-1.1	-0.5	+0.9	-0.6	+3.1	-1.3	+0.8	+2.1	+2.9	+4.8	-0.5	+4.0	+6.8
		v	2.7	6.4	2.2	1.4	2.7	1.6	2.3	1.6	4.9	2.9	2.3	2.3	2.5
	George.	N	10.5	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	10	10	11	11
	L.F.E.O.	M	14.6	9.7	7.1	6.4	7.7	8.3	8.0	10.0	11.0	9.0	10.0	8.0	12.5
		c	+4.1	-0.3	-2.9	-3.6	-2.3	-1.7	-2.O	0.0	0.0	-1.0	0.0	-2.0	+1.5
		v	2.1	1.6	1.8	2.3	0.8	0.7	1.4	1.7	0.8	1.0	1.3	1.6	0.4
	George.	N	10	9	9	10	11	9.5	9	10	8	10	9	9	10
	L.F.E.C.	M	11.7	9.2	10.2	12.6	13.2	11.5	12.2	6.6	5.0	8.0	7.6	8.0	11.0
		c	+1.7	+0.2	+1.2	+2.6	+2.2	+2.0	+3.2	-3.4	-3.0	-2.0	-1.4	-1.0	+1.0
		v	2.0	2.9	2.5	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.8	2.0	4.1	3.1	2.5	2.1	3.7
	Moore.	N	10	10	10	10	11	11	11	10	10	10	11	10	10
	L.F.E.O.	M	15.7	18.8	17.7	16.7	18.3	18.5	16.5	15.6	16.0	16.2	16.3	16.4	18.8
		c	+5.7	+8.8	+7.7	+6.7	+7.3	+7.5	+5.5	+5.6	+6.0	+6.2	+5.3	+6.4	+3.8
		v	3.5	3.8	1.1	0.8	3.6	2.1	2.7	0.6	2.4	0.5	3.5	2.2	3.8
		N	10	10	10	10	11	10	10	9	9.5	11	11	10	10.5
	Moore.	M	19.6	15.3	15.3	14.3	14.9	13.5	6.7	13.4	20.0	14.3	14.5	16.9	17.9
	L.F.E.C.	c	+9.6	+5.3	+5.3	+4.3	+3.9	+3.5	-3.3	+4.4	+10.5	+3.3	+3.5	+6.9	+7.4
		v	2.6	2.5	2.4	0.4	2.0	6.4	0.7	4.1	2.6	3.8	1.1	3.1	2.8
		N	10	10	9	10	10	9.5	10	10	11	10	10	10	10
9	Angier.	M	13.6	12.5	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.7	13.0	12.9	12.2	12.2	13.5	22.1	16.5
	R.F.E.O.	c	+3.6	+2.5	+2.6	+1.6	+1.5	+2.2	+3.0	+2.9	+1.2	+2.2	+3.5	+12.1	+6.5
		v	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.3	1.7	1.6	2.0	2.7	3.3	1.5	1.5	6.7	1.5
		N	10	10	10	9.5	10	9	10	10	9	10	10	11	10	10
	Angier	M	11.4	7.7	13.8	8.3	11.4	11.5	11.0	10.3	9.9	12.8	16.7	17.7	12.4	12.0
	R.F.E.C.	c	+1.4	-2.3	+3.8	-1.2	+1.4	+2.5	+1.0	+0.3	+0.9	+2.8	+6.7	+6.7	+2.4	+2.0
		v	4.8	1.3	3.0	2.6	1.4	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.4	1.7	4.2	2.1	1.7
		N	11	10	10	9	10	11	10	10	10	11	11	11	10
	Huggins.	M	12.5	8.5	12.6	9.7	9.7	16.6	15.7	18.7	13.6	15.8	9.3	18.3	14.3
	R.F.E.O.	c	+1.5	-1.5	+2.6	+0.7	-0.3	+5.6	+5.7	+8.7	+3.6	+4.8	-0.7	+7.3	+4.3
		v	3.6	2.6	2.7	2.8	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.6	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.8	3.0
		N	11	8	10	10	11	10	10	10	10.5	10	10	10	10
	Huggins.	M	6.5	10.5	10.7	8.8	12.6	12.9	12.2	22.3	9.9	21.8	12.0	12.5	16.3
	R.F.E.C.	c	-4.5	+2.5	+0.7	-1.2	+1.6	+2.9	+2.2	+12.3	-0.6	+11.8	+2.0	+2.5	+6.3
		v	1.4	2.1	1.8	1.6	3.7	3.1	2.0	4.1	1.4	5.0	2.3	3.6	1.8
		N	9	9	9	9	9.5	8	7	10	10	10	9	8	10
13	Lenfest.	M	12.7	11.9	11.1	11.3	12.1	8.7	11.6	12.6	9.0	8.6	11.7	7.0	11.8
	R.F.E.O.	c	+3.7	+2.9	+2.1	+2.3	+2.6	+0.7	+4.6	+2.6	-1.0	-1.4	+2.7	-1.0	+1.8
		v	3.7	2.4	1.9	2.3	2.8	0.2	2.8	2.1	2.0	2.1	3.2	1.4	4.1
		N	12	11	11	10	10	10.5	11	11	11	11	10	10	10
	Lenfest.	M	14.9	14.7	12.2	13.5	12.6	11.9	12.6	8.7	9.1	8.9	8.4	14.1	6.9
	R.F.E.C.	c	+2.9	+3.7	+1.2	+3.5	+2.6	+1.4	+1.6	-2.3	-1.9	-3.1	-1.6	+4.1	-3.1
		v	3.3	2.2	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.0	2.6	1.7	2.4	2.8	2.9	4.1	2.3
		N	12	11	11	11	11	10	11	10	11	10.5	11	10	10
	George.	M	8.3	9.0	8.6	8.8	8.7	7.0	7.4	7.9	6.8	9.7	9.0	5.8	11.0
	R.F.E.O.	c	-3.7	-2.0	-2.4	-2.2	-3.3	-3.0	-3.6	-2.1	-4.2	-0.8	-2.0	-4.2	+1.0
		v	5.0	3.3	2.3	0.1	3.3	2.9	2.4	3.1	1.5	4.6	2.9	2.9	3.9
		N	12	11	12	11	11	11	10.5	11	10	10.5	11	10	10
	George.	M	7.0	7.7	14.1	8.3	10.3	8.4	8.7	7.8	6.4	10.0	9.0	7.9	7.3
	R.F.E.C.	c	-5.0	-3.3	+2.1	-2.7	-0.7	-2.6	-1.8	-3.2	-3.6	-0.5	-2.0	-2.1	-2.7
		v	2.5	2.6	2.4	3.7	2.9	2.3	1.6	2.1	1.9	3.7	2.9	1.8	3.8
		N	11	11	11	11	12	10	9	11	10	10.0	10.5	11	9.5
	Moore.	M	14.5	16.6	16.5	9.0	17.0	10.7	10.4	11.9	11.5	12.5	12.5	15.1	12.6
	R.F.E.O.	c	+3.5	+5.6	+5.5	-2.0	+5.0	+0.7	+1.4	+0.9	+1.5	+2.5	+2.0	+4.1	+3.1
		v	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.3	2.2	2.6	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.5	1.4	0.8
		N	11	10	11	11	11	10	10	9	11	11.0	10	10	10
	Moore.	M	14.3	13.2	15.9	12.3	17.9	10.0	11.3	15.9	14.8	15.5	13.4	11.8	12.2
	R.F.E.C.	c	+3.3	+3.2	+4.9	+1.3	+6.9	0.0	+1.3	+6.9	+3.8	+4.5	+3.4	+1.8	+2.2
		v	1.8	2.8	1.6	2.1	1.7	2.4	3.2	2.2	2.7	1.4	2.2	1.8	2.2
		N	11	11	10	11	10	10	10	11	10	11	10	11	11
16	Angier.	M	14.3	13.5	9.3	14.4	14.1	9.5	15.1	12.7	11.1	12.6	13.7	11.0	16.6
	R.F.E.O.	c	+3.3	+2.5	-0.7	+3.4	+4.1	-0.5	+5.1	+1.7	+1.1	+1.6	+3.7	0.0	+5.6
		v	1.7	1.9	2.0	2.4	2.0	1.1	2.4	2.8	2.0	2.0	2.7	1.3	3.5
		N	11	10	10	9	10	10.5	10	10	11	10	11	11	11
	Angier.	M	14.4	4.8	2.5	3.6	5.8	6.7	8.0	11.0	13.5	11.1	13.9	10.1	11.0
	R.F.E.C.	c	+3.4	-5.2	-7.5	-5.4	-4.2	-3.8	-2.0	+1.0	+2.5	+1.1	+2.9	-0.9	0.0
		v	3.2	2.7	2.3	3.6	2.7	2.3	1.3	2.8	2.8	1.4	2.4	1.8	2.2
		N	97	97	98	97	98	99	97	98	95	98	99	99	100
	Huggins.	M	107.6	107.8	100.4	114.2	98.0	110.3	89.4	102.5	99.2	100.8	106.4	101.5	108.9
	L.F.E.O.	c	+10.6	+10.8	+2.4	+17.2	0.0	+11.3	-7.6	+4.5	+4.2	+2.8	+7.4	+2.5	+8.9
		v	5.9	0.6	4.8	6.5	5.3	6.7	6.4	5.5	7.8	6.0	4.7	7.0	12.7
		N	97	98	100	97	95	95	99	99	97	98	99	99	100
	Huggins.	M	102.8	104.3	115.1	101.4	94.1	102.0	106.4	93.4	87.7	98.7	108.4	97.7	110.8
	L.F.E.C.	c	+5.8	+6.3	+15.1	+4.4	-0.9	+7.0	+7.4	-5.6	-9.3	+0.7	+9.4	-1.3	+10.8
		v	5.8	8.6	10.8	9.9	7.9	10.4	8.1	6.8	9.4	5.8	6.9	5.3	6.1
		N	11	11	10	10	10	10	10	10	11	10	11	11	10
20	Lenfest.	M	16.1	13.5	11.6	10.9	10.9	14.2	11.7	10.5	12.4	11.1	12.2	8.7	12.9
	L.F.E.O.	c	+5.1	+2.5	+1.6	+0.9	+0.9	+4.2	+1.7	+0.5	+1.4	+1.1	+1.2	-2.3	+2.9
		v	2.8	3.0	3.0	3.0	1.2	1.9	1.0	1.6	3.2	5.1	1.9	1.7	4.2
		N	12	11	10	10	10	11	10	10	10	10	11	11	10
	Lenfest.	M	20.4	16.8	11.6	11.2	11.8	14.0	9.0	9.3	6.2	10.0	8.5	5.1	8.3
	L.F.E.C.	c	+8.4	+5.8	+1.6	+1.2	+1.8	+3.0	-1.0	-0.7	-3.8	0.0	-1.5	-5.9	-1.7
		v	2.5	3.6	3.0	1.9	1.6	2.0	3.0	1.2	1.9	0.3	1.8	1.7	0.8
		N	98	97	94	98	98	97	98	98	97	96	98	98	97
	George.	M	104.0	100.4	102.6	99.3	105.1	111.1	101.9	100.5	96.4	102.0	97.4	94.2	95.8
	L.F.E.O.	c	+6.0	+3.4	+8.6	+1.3	+7.1	+14.1	+3.9	+2.5	-0.6	+6.0	-0.6	-3.8	-1.2
		v	6.4	11.3	9.6	7.7	5.3	8.0	3.7	5.6	5.7	5.7	9.1	7.8	3.6
		N	98	97	94	97	97	98	98	97	96	98	98	99	100
	George.	M	93.6	81.2	94.7	92.7	104.2	99.3	93.4	89.6	96.4	93.0	87.3	101.8	87.4
	L.F.E.C.	c	-4.4	-15.8	+0.7	-4.3	+7.2	+1.3	-4.6	-7.4	+0.4	-5.0	-9.7	+2.8	-12.6
		v	9.1	8.9	5.5	4.6	5.8	6.9	4.9	6.6	7.8	4.8	7.7	5.6	5.7
		N	97	99	98	97	96	96	97	98	99	98	99	99	99
	Moore.	M	106.1	106.9	105.2	103.0	104.7	108.6	102.7	106.9	110.9	105.7	111.2	99.9	93.0
	L.F.E.O.	c	+9.1	+7.9	+7.2	+6.0	+8.7	+12.6	+5.7	+8.9	+11.9	+7.7	+12.2	+0.9	-6.0
		v	4.3	5.6	4.6	5.2	8.0	6.0	7.4	6.9	4.8	9.0	4.7	11.4	1.8
		N	96	97	97	97	96	97	96	97	99	98	97	98	99
	Moore.	M	119.2	79.8	87.3	79.6	81.6	91.2	96.5	106.2	100.4	91.9	104.0	88.6	80.9
	L.F.E.C.	c	+23.2	-17.2	-9.7	-17.4	-14.4	-5.8	+0.5	+9.2	+1.4	-6.1	+7.0	-9.4	-18.1
		v	16.1	6.7	11.6	7.2	7.5	4.1	4.0	6.6	4.0	6.1	5.4	6.6	8.2
		N	98	97	95	96	96	97	99	97	97	98	98	98	99
23	Lenfest.	M	105.7	110.8	97.4	93.8	97.8	100.2	99.9	92.9	86.1	96.6	91.9	80.9	83.0
	L.F.E.O.	c	+7.7	+13.8	+2.4	-2.2	+1.8	+3.2	+0.9	-4.1	-10.9	-1.4	-6.1	-17.1	-16.0
		v	9.3	1.5	3.6	5.1	3.6	4.4	2.9	3.3	6.7	5.0	8.2	6.0	7.8
		N	96	94	96	96	96	94	96	97	97	97	100	100	100
	Lenfest.	M	111.3	95.0	98.3	101.7	101.7	110.1	98.8	79.0	88.9	72.7	88.4	69.7	80.8
	L.F.E.C.	c	+15.3	+1.0	+2.3	+5.7	+5.7	+16.1	+2.8	-80.0	-8.1	-24.3	-11.6	-30.3	-19.2
		v	7.1	5.1	5.8	2.7	5.4	7.8	12.1	3.7	5.6	8.0	7.4	8.4	7.0
		N	96	97	96	96	98	98	97	97	95	98	98	99	97
	Huggins.	M	113.5	105.7	105.5	97.7	92.5	98.4	92.5	102.0	95.0	112.3	104.5	108.7	95.7
	L.H.E.O.	c	+17.5	+8.7	+9.5	+1.7	-5.5	+0.4	-4.5	+5.0	0.0	+14.3	+6.5	+9.7	-1.3
		v	4.2	2.4	3.6	5.0	3.5	3.1	4.2	5.8	4.7	6.4	5.8	7.1	4.4
		N	98	97	97	97	97	99	99	97	97	97	98	98	96
	Huggins.	M	103.5	82.8	86.1	87.8	87.7	94.2	92.1	94.5	99.9	111.5	101.3	113.7	95.1
	L.H.E.C.	c	+5.5	-14.2	-10.9	-9.2	-9.3	-4.8	-6.9	-2.5	+2.9	+14.5	+3.3	+15.7	-0.9
		v	8.4	6.7	5.4	3.5	6.7	5.4	6.0	5.8	4.8	13.3	4.7	9.6	2.6
		N		96	95	96	96	96	97	96	96	99	102	101	100
27	Lenfest.	M		101.6	93.4	91.2	90.0	97.5	93.2	93.4	89.8	97.5	88.6	96.8	66.2
	R.F.E.O.	c		+5.6	-1.6	-4.8	-6.0	+1.5	-3.8	-2.6	-6.2	-1.5	-13.4	-4.2	-33.8
		v		6.2	5.1	3.4	2.8	5.5	4.5	3.7	5.5	3.6	4.3	4.9	8.1
		N	96		96	97	97	97	98	98	95	98	100	99	100
	Lenfest.	M	103.8		101.2	94.0	100.3	96.4	101.2	105.0	78.0	98.5	88.8	85.1	65.8
	R.F.E.C.	c	+7.8		+5.2	-3.0	+3.3	-2.6	+3.2	+7.0	-17.0	+0.5	-11.2	-13.9	-34.2
		v	6.2		7.4	4.5	3.8	3.5	4.7	2.4	4.7	4.3	7.0	6.9	5.9

Table. 23 Huggins. c. N. 98 first column, '+55' changed to +'5.5'.

The records are averaged for nine subjects, three of them being left-handed. For the right hand we find, for mean error, a reduced error with visual control.

For constant errors, a similar result is apparent; when following the eyes-closed curve one may note a large negative error 20-50 beats, and a similar but larger positive error 70-160 beats, with a falling to a negative error again at 200 beats.

This may be interpreted to mean a groping for the correct length of line at the lower speeds when some time for reflective processes is allowed, and an inhibitory effect on the motor discharge; later the speed prevents this discrimination, and introspective testimony goes to show that a mental conception of a barrier, beyond which one cannot carry the pencil, is set up and kept more or less constant through the help of the joint and muscular sensations. It would follow, then, that this muscular stop is overestimated where reflection is not possible.

Finally, the falling-off of the length of the line is probably due to physical inability to rule a line of the full length of 140 mm. at 200 beats per minute and an examination of some individual cases confirms this opinion, for the lines may be started some distance away from the origin apparently in order to end them at the correct point.