II.—The hydrocarbons (as petroleum, vaseline, etc.) are boiled with a sufficient quantity of alkali to form a soap, during which process they absorb oxygen and unite with the alkali to form fatty acid salts. The resulting soap is dissolved in water containing alkali, and the solution is heated along with alkali and salt. The mass of soap separates out in three layers, the central one being the purest; and from this product the fatty acids may be recovered by treatment with sulphuric acid.
Perfumes For Soap.
| I.— | Oil of rose geranium | 2 ounces |
|---|
| Oil of patchouli | 1/2 ounce |
| Oil of cloves | 1/2 ounce |
| Oil of lavender flowers | 1 ounce |
| Oil of bergamot | 1 ounce |
| Oil of sandalwood | 1 ounce |
| II.— | Oil of bergamot | 2 ounces |
|---|
| Oil of orange flowers | 2 ounces |
| Oil of sassafras | 2 ounces |
| Oil of white thyme | 3 ounces |
| Oil of cassia | 3 ounces |
| Oil of cloves | 3 ounces |
| III.— | Oil of citronella | 1 ounce |
|---|
| Oil of cloves | 1 ounce |
| Oil of bitter almonds | 2 ounces |
Pumice-stone Soaps.
| I.— | Cocoanut oil | 40,000 parts |
|---|
| Cotton oil | 10,000 parts |
| Caustic soda lye, 38° Bé | 24,000 parts |
| Caustic potash lye, 30° Bé | 1,000 parts |
| Powdered pumice stone | 25,000 parts |
| Cassia oil | 150 parts |
| Rosemary oil | 100 parts |
| Lavender oil | 50 parts |
| Safrol | 50 parts |
| Clove oil | 10 parts |
| II.— | Cocoanut oil | 50,000 parts |
|---|
| Caustic soda lye, 40° Bé | 25,000 parts |
| Powdered pumice stone | 50,000 parts |
| Lavender oil | 250 parts |
| Caraway oil | 80 parts |
Shaving Soaps.
| I.— | Palm oil soap | 5 pounds |
|---|
| Oil of cinnamon | 10 drachms |
| Oil of caraway | 2 drachms |
| Oil of lavender | 2 drachms |
| Oil of thyme | 1 drachm |
| Oil of peppermint | 45 minims |
| Oil of bergamot | 2 1/2 drachms |
Melt the soap, color if desired, and incorporate the oils.
| II.— | Soap | 10 pounds |
|---|
| Alcohol | 1 ounce |
| Oil of bitter almonds | 1 1/4 ounces |
| Oil of bergamot | 3/4 ounce |
| Oil of mace | 3 drachms |
| Oil of cloves | 1/2 ounce |
Melt the soap with just enough water to convert it into a soft paste when cold; dissolve the oils in the alcohol, mix with the paste, and rub up in a mortar, or pass several times through a kneading machine.