For “still” lithia water, substitute lithium citrate for the carbonate in the above formula.

Seltzer Water.

Vichy Water.

Vichy (Grande Grille).

Sodium iodide    0.016 parts
Sodium bromide    0.08 parts
Sodium phosphate    2 parts
Sodium silicate   80 parts
Potassium sulphate  125 parts
Sodium chloride  139 parts
Sodium carbonate6,792 parts
Aluminum chloride    1 part
Strontium chloride    1 part
Ammonium chloride    3 parts
Magnesium chloride   24 parts
Calcium chloride  170 parts
Manganese sulphate    0.46 parts
Iron sulphate    1 part
Sulphuric acid   40 parts
Water to make   10 gallons

Mix the first 7 ingredients with about 10 times their weight of water and filter. In the same manner, mix the next 5 ingredients with water and filter; and then the last 3 ingredients. Pour these solutions into sufficient water contained in a fountain to make 10 gallons, and charge at once with carbon dioxide gas.

Waters like the above are more correctly named “imitation” than “artificial,” as the acidic and basic radicals may bear different relations to one another in the natural and the other.

PURIFYING WATER.

See also Filters.

If an emulsion of clay is poured into a soap solution, the clay gradually separates out without clarifying the liquid. When a few drops of hydrochloric acid, however, are added to a soap solution and a small quantity—about 1.5 per cent—of a clay emulsion poured in, the liquid clarifies at once, with formation of a plentiful sediment. Exactly the same process takes place when the waste waters from the combing process in spinning are treated with clay. The waters which remain turbid for several days contain 500 to 800 grams of fatty substances per cubic meter. If to 1 liter of this liquid 1 gram of clay is added, with 15 to 20 per cent of water, the liquid clarifies with separation of a sediment and assumes a golden-brown {741} color. Besides the fatty substances, this deposit also contains a certain quantity of nitrogenous bodies. Dried at (100° C.) 212° F., it weighs about 1.6 grams and contains 30 per cent of fat. The grease obtained from it is clear, of good quality, and deliquesces at 95° F. After removal of this fat, the mass still contains 1.19 per cent of nitrogen.