ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
The Dearborn Monument[Frontispiece]
MARIETTA
Marietta[3]
General Rufus Putnam[7]
Old Blockhouse, Marietta[9]
The Mills Homestead, Marietta[17]
Harman Blennerhassett[19]
Mrs. Blennerhassett[21]
Marietta College Buildings[23]
Mound Cemetery, Marietta[25]
Ohio Company's Land Office[27]
Old Two Horn Church[29]
CLEVELAND
View in Gordon Park[33]
Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland[35]
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, Cleveland[38]
Armory of the Cleveland Grays[42]
Lake in Wade Park, Showing Adelbert College in the Distance[45]
Perry's Monument, Wade Park, Cleveland[48]
Charles F. Browne ("Artemus Ward")[49]
Constance Fenimore Woolson[50]
Garfield Memorial, Cleveland[52]
CINCINNATI
Tyler-Davidson Fountain[59]
Entrance to Spring Grove Cemetery[65]
Race Street, Cincinnati[69]
City Hall, Cincinnati[73]
Chamber of Commerce, Cincinnati[77]
Suspension Bridge[79]
Reservoir, Eden Park[83]
DETROIT
Cadillac Square Showing City Hall and Majestic Building[89]
The Detroit River from "Windmill Point, 1838" From a Pencil Drawing.[ 93]
West Grand Circus Park[97]
Wayne County Building, Facing Cadillac Square[103]
Colonel Arent Schuyler De Peyster[112]
Evacuation Day Tablet, on Post-Office[113]
General Grant's Home in Detroit[115]
Hurlbut Memorial Gate Entrance to Water-Works Park[117]
MACKINAC ISLAND
Old Mission Church (Circa) 1823, Mackinac Island[123]
Arch Rock, Mackinac Island[127]
Sugar Loaf Rock, Mackinac Island[131]
Old Blockhouse (1780) Overlooking the Lake[135]
"Old Stone Quarters," Fort Mackinac, 1780[137]
Signatures of the Chippewa Chiefs, who, in 1781, Deeded the Island to King George III[139]
From "Mackinac," by John R. Bailey, M.D., Brevet Lieut.-Col., U.S.V., by whose kind permission theyare here reproduced.[139]
Fort Mackinac, and the Cannon Captured byCommodore Perry[141]
Rev. Eleazar Williams[143]
Reproduced from Latimer's "Scrap-Book of the Revolution,"by permission of A.C. McClurg & Co.
INDIANAPOLIS
The Old State House, Indianapolis[149]
The New Public Library, Indianapolis[151]
Benjamin Harrison[153]
State House, Indianapolis, East Front[155]
Soldiers' Monument, Indianapolis[159]
Marion County Court House[161]
Columbia Club, Indianapolis[163]
The Hendricks Monument[165]
VINCENNES
Early French Settlers at Vincennes[175]
Fort Sackville, 1779[179]
Clark and His Men Crossing the River[181]
General George Rogers Clark[187]
William Henry Harrison[192]
St. Xavier's Church, 1779[193]
CHICAGO
The Dearborn Monument[203]
The United States Government Building, Chicago[207]
Auditorium Hotel, Chicago[211]
The Art Institute, Chicago[215]
Statue of Abraham Lincoln[219]
By St. Gaudens.
Ruins of the Great Fire, Chicago[223]
Public Library, Chicago[231]
MADISON
The State House, Madison[237]
The First Executive Residence (still Standing) in useby Governor Doty[241]
Profile Rock on Lake Mendota[244]
View of Madison across Lake Monona[247]
The First State House, Madison[251]
Madison from the State House, Showing UniversityBuildings in the Distance[253]
Professor William Francis Allen[254]
University Hall, State University[257]
State Historical Library Building[259]
General Lucius Fairchild[ 262]
Ex-Minister to Spain.
MINNEAPOLIS AND ST. PAUL
The Falls of St. Anthony about 1850[267]
Tower at Fort Snelling[269]
The Original "Fort" now used as a Guard-House.
Alexander Ramsey[272]
Court House and City Hall, Minneapolis[275]
Falls of St. Anthony during High Water[279]
The Milling District[281]
Public Library, Minneapolis[284]
Ole Bull Monument in Loring Park[ 286]
Loring Park, Minneapolis[289]
The Falls of Minnehaha[291]
The Capitol, St. Paul[295]
A Calm Evening[299]
DES MOINES
Fort Des Moines in 1844[303]
Keokuk at the Age of 67[307]
From a Daguerreotype taken in 1847.
Iowa Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument[315]
Governor Samuel J. Kirkwood[319]
Hon. John A. Kasson[324]
The Capitol, Des Moines[325]
The Iowa Historical Library[327]
ST. LOUIS
Colonel Auguste Chouteau, one of the Founders of St. Louis[334]
From a painting in Missouri Historical Society Collection.
The Old Chouteau Mansion, Built for Laclede in 1765[336]
From a Daguerreo type in Missouri Historical Society Collection.
Old French Post-House, Built in 1770, Inhabited until 1870[341]
Old Mound, St. Louis. Removed in 1869[346]
From a photograph in Missouri Historical Society Collection.
Washington University as Projected, now under Construction[359]
St. Louis in 1854[365]
From a print in Missouri Historical Society Collection.
Eads Bridge at St. Louis[367]
Forest Park, St. Louis[369]
Union Station, St. Louis[371]
KANSAS CITY
Kansas City from the South[377]
Jackson County Court House, Kansas City[379]
Convention Hall, Kansas City[383]
The City Hall, Kansas City[387]
The Post Office, Kansas City[391]
A Bit of Gladstone Boulevard, Kansas City[393]
The Stock Yard Exchange, Kansas City[396]
The Public Library, Kansas City[397]
OMAHA
Alfred D. Jones[402]
William P. Snowden, Omaha's First White Settler[404]
A Typical Omaha Indian[407]
Reproduced by permission of F.A. Rinehart, Omaha.
The High School, Omaha, on the Site of the OldCapitol[411]
Reproduced by permission of Heyn, Omaha.
The City Hall[414]
Return of the First Nebraska Volunteers, Aug. 30, 1899[417]
The Public Library, Omaha[419]
The Omaha Exposition, 1898[421]
Reproduced by permission of F.A. Rinehart, Omaha.
DENVER
Sources of Territorial Acquisition in Colorado[427]
Denver, Colorado[429]
"Smoky" Jones[431]
The Prairie Schooner, the Proper Crest for the Coat-of-Armsof the West[433]
First Schoolhouse in Denver[435]
Facsimile Letter from Wm. N. Byers, the Founder ofthe "Rocky Mountain News"[439]
Prospecting Party, Rico, Colorado, 1880[441]
Rico, Colorado, in 1880, a Typical Mining Camp[443]
William Gilpin[444]
The Capitol, Denver[445]
SANTA FÉ
The So-Called Oldest House in Santa Fé[451]
Fort Marcy and the Parroquia, Santa Fé[455]
San Miguel Chapel before its Restoration[457]
San Miguel Chapel in 1899[465]
From a photograph by A.C. Vroman, Pasadena, Cal.
Christopher ("Kit") Carson[467]
The Old Palace at Santa Fé[471]
Santa Fé in 1846[473]
The Territorial Capitol, Completed in 1900[474]
SALT LAKE CITY
Pavilion of Saltair, Great Salt Lake[481]
Brigham Young[483]
Founder of Salt Lake City.
East Temple Street, Looking South from the Temple[485]
Jedediah M. Grant, First Mayor of Salt Lake City[491]
Eagle Gate[492]
Brigham Young Monument[495]
Main Street in 1861[497]
House Built in 1847 within the Old Fort[499]
Mormon Temple[501]
Mormon Tabernacle[503]
City and County Building, Salt Lake City[505]
Lion and Bee-Hive Houses[506]
SPOKANE
The County Court House, Spokane[511]
The Last Chief to Intimidate the Inhabitants ofSpokane[516]
The City Hall, Spokane[519]
J. Kennedy Stout[522]
The "Spokesman-Review" Building[525]
Middle Falls, Spokane[529]
Middle Falls, Echo Flour Mills, and Old PowerHouse[531]
PORTLAND
John Jacob Astor[537]
Astoria in 1811[541]
Based on a print in Gray's "History of Oregon."
Fort Vancouver, 1833[545]
The City Hall, Portland[555]
Portland in 1850[557]
The Port of Portland[559]
Judge Matthew P. Deady[560]
View of Portland, 1900[561]
A Corner in Chinatown[563]
The Portland[565]
SAN FRANCISCO
View Northwest from Spreckel's Building[571]
The Discovery of San Francisco Bay[575]
From the painting by A.F. Mathews.
Mission Dolores, Built in 1776[577]
Seal of the Vigilance Committee[588]
Union Depot[597]
Chinese Pharmacy[599]
Chinese Grocery Store[603]
Smoking Room, Chinese Restaurant[604]
A Business Centre[605]
Prayer-Book Cross, Golden Gate Park[608]
Seal Rock and Cliff House[609]
City Hall, San Francisco[611]
Leland Stanford[612]
Thomas Starr King[613]
Henry George[615]
MONTEREY
Junípero Serra, Founder of Monterey[618]
Carmel Mission (Restored)[620]
Twilight, Monterey Bay[621]
San Carlos Church[624]
Old Mexican Jail[630]
Fishing Village[636]
Ancient Cypress at Cypress Point[637]
Statue of Junípero Serra[638]
Old Mexican Custom-House[641]
Ancient Adobe Cabin, Monterey[642]
LOS ANGELES
Bells of San Gabriel[647]
San Diego Mission, Founded 1769[649]
The Pueblo of Los Angeles. Early Spanish Plan[653]
Suertes from C. to E.
Don Pio Pico[655]
The Last Mexican Governor.
Don Antonio F. Coronel, with Spanish Cannon Broughtto San Diego by Serra in 1769[657]
The Old Plaza Church, Los Angeles[659]
A Typical Cottage[663]
John C. Frémont[666]
Old Adobe, Frémont's Headquarters[671]
First Stage in the Ascent of Mt. Lowe, Connectingwith Electric Road on Echo Mountain[673]
A Modern Residence[677]
State Normal School[679]
The Court House, Los Angeles[681]
Improved Harbor of San Pedro, Port of Los Angeles[683]

INTRODUCTION

By REUBEN G. THWAITES

THE first two volumes of this series—those devoted to the historic towns of New England and the Middle States—dealt with communities each group of which has had for the most part a common origin, has progressed along practically parallel lines, and possesses characteristics closely akin. The volume upon the towns of the South brought closely to view the cosmopolitan character of the population which has settled our continent to the South and Southwest of the Appalachian wall. The stories of Baltimore, Washington, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and St. Augustine bring into view widely-different origins, experiences, and interests along a single stretch of coast; while Mobile and New Orleans, Knoxville, Nashville, and Louisville, Vicksburg and Little Rock, are groups representing chapters in our history which appear to have but slight connection save in the view of those who have closely studied the mainsprings of American development.

The present volume represents even a wider range of historical interest. The attentive reader will, however, discover that although these towns of the far-stretching trans-Alleghany region have sprung from curiously divergent beginnings, and are apparently incongruous in composition and in aims, there really is and has been much in common among them.

In order to understand Western history, one must first have knowledge of the details of the titanic struggle for settlement in North America, made respectively by Spain, France, and England. The early decline of Spanish power north of the Red and the Arkansas, save for the later temporary holding of Louisiana; the protracted tragedy which ended on the Plains of Abraham in the Fall of New France; the Revolution of the English colonists, and its portentous results; the Louisiana Purchase of 1803; the Mexican War, the episode of California, the story of Texas, with their consequent ousting of Spain from lands north of the Rio Grande and the Gila—all these are factors bearing the closest relation to the history of the West, and consequently of many of the historic towns whose stories have been grouped within these covers.