[58.] "I will bewitch him who tries to bewitch me." (K. K.)

[72.] A gold-adorned, or perhaps merely handsome, sledge.

[154.] Probably another epithet for the seal.

[156.] The powan, or fresh-water herring (Coregonus), of which there are several marine and fresh-water species. They are chiefly lake-fish of the Northern Hemisphere, and in the British Islands are better known in Scotland and Ireland, and in the North of England, than in the South.

[168.] The word used here may also mean the elk or ox.

[230.] The Arch of Heaven in the Kalevala means the rainbow.

[231, 232.] The Sun and Moon are male deities in Finnish, with sons and daughters.

[233.] The constellation of the Great Bear.

[273.] Most of the heroes of the Kalevala, except Kullervo, have black hair, and the heroines, except the wife of Ilmarinen, golden hair.

[411, 412.] A common ransom in Finnish and Esthonian stories.