[555.] Virsta, a Russian word naturalized in Finnish.

[617.] This description recalls the serpents of Indian mythology, such as those described in the first book of the Mahabharata.

[619.] Such a passage might have suggested to Longfellow the following:

"Bigger than the Big-Sea-Water,
Broader than the Gitche Gumee."
Hiawatha, xxi.

RUNO XXVII

[208.] Here commences a magical contest somewhat resembling the transformation scenes in the stories of the Second Calendar, and of Nooreddin and Bedreddin, in the 1001 Nights.

[326.] "I don't want to have a mess made upon my floor here, or any noise or shooting." (Tanta Coetzee, in Rider Haggard's Jess.)

RUNO XXVIII.

[15, 16.] His horse and sledge seem to have been transformed, like those of Joukahainen in Runo III.

[195.] In Finnish and Esthonian tales we often find persons transformed into trees and flowers; sometimes for purposes of concealment.