[IV. HYDRAULIC CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE THIRD CŒTUS.]
The instruction in hydraulics is to comprehend:—
1. Those general principles of hydraulic architecture which in the lectures on Exclusive Engineering in the third cœtus of the school could not be specially explained without extending them too far, and therefore were there taken for granted.
2. Such hydraulic works, as do not immediately come within the scope of military buildings, and therefore could not be included in a lecture on Exclusive Engineering, but which on account of their connection with the profession of an Engineer Officer in general, independently of military construction proper, ought to be known by him in their most important principles.
Since in the instruction in engineering in the third cœtus, opportunities offer for projects of fortification, with application of the theoretical principles given above (at 1,) the exercise problems for the instruction in hydraulic architecture need only extend to those hydraulic works (at 2,) not referring to fortification.
The instruction is in immediate connection with the lectures on mathematics, physics, and exclusive engineering, the last of which will be lectured on at the same time as hydraulics; the lectures on physics and that portion of mathematics which is here necessary, with the exception of hydraulics, have been already treated in the first cœtus. In arranging the plan of the lectures, and in carrying it out, the plans for those sciences must be considered, and conferences held with the teachers it may concern, to prevent the frequent repetition of the same subject.
The entire number of hours is seventy, two of which are given weekly, which, that they may fall in at the same time with the lectures on exclusive engineering, are thus distributed:—
| Hours. | |
|---|---|
| 1. Introduction and laws of the motion of water in open channels and pipes, wells, suction and forcing pumps, about | 5 |
| 2. Motion of water in streams, hydrometrical measurements, | 3 |
| 3. Regulation of streams by dams, cuttings, &c., explanation of ice-floats, and of the means to prevent their destructive power, | 5 |
| 4. Execution and construction of these works and of securing the banks by dikes, packing, and weirs, | 14 |
| 5. Historical description of the works for internal navigation, canals, sluices, towing-paths, &c., | 4 |
| 6. Draining and irrigation works, inundations, | 4 |
| 7. Harbors, moles, sands, lighthouses, roadsteads, &c., | 6 |
| 8. The principles of foundations under water, with accompanying notice of the usual pile and scoop machines, | 12 |
| 9. The general principles of bridge building; historical relation of the most remarkable works executed of this kind, | 17 |
| Total, | 70 |
To make the lecture plainer, and to exercise the student in comprehending existing hydraulic buildings, eight afternoons, at the choice of the teacher, after a previous consultation with the director, are to be appropriated to the inspection and drawing of hydraulic constructions, at Berlin, namely, the sluices and mills.
Although this instruction embraces a large field in a very short period, it must not be extended over too many objects, but rather to be confined to what is indispensable to the practical use of the engineer; the matter of these, however, to be treated fundamentally and thoroughly, and all superficiality be avoided.