A younger man is Edilberto Zegarra Ballón of Arequipa (1880-___), author of Vibraciones, Poemas, el al. His verse is simpler and less rugged than that of the more virile Chocano.
References: Men. Pel., Ant. Poetas Hisp.-Amer., III, p. cxlix f.; Blanco García, III, 362 f.; Diccionario histórico y biográfico del Perú, formado y redactado por Manuel de Mendíburu, 9 vols., Lima, 1874-80; Colección de documentos literarios del Perú, 11 vols., Manuel de Odriozola, Lima, 1863-74; América poética, Juan María Gutiérrez, Valparaíso, 1846; Parnaso peruano, J.D. Cortés, Paris, 1875; La Bohemia limeña de 1848 á 1860, Prólogo de Poesías de Ricardo Palma, Lima, 1887; Lira americana, Ricardo Palma, Paris, 1865.
[193.]—Olmedo: see preceding note.
[8.] Á, with.
[194.—15-17.] The following is a translation of a note to these lines which is given in Poesías de Olmedo, Garnier Hermanos, Paris, 1896: "Physicists have attempted to explain the equilibrium that is maintained by the earth in spite of the difference of mass in its two hemispheres" (northern and southern). "May not the enormous weight of the Andes be one of the data with which this curious problem of physical geography can be solved?"
[195.—4.] The religion of the ancient Peruvians, before they were converted to Christianity by the Spaniards, was based on the worship of the sun. The chief temple of the sun was at Cuzco.
[25.] Bolivar was a native of Caracas, Venezuela; but, when this poem was written, Colombia comprised most of the present States of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama and Ecuador. Moreover, Colombia is probably used somewhat figuratively by the poet to designate the "land of Columbus."
[26.] The Peruvians and the Colombians were allies. It is an interesting fact that in the war for independence waged by the Spanish Americans against Spain, the leaders of the Americans were nearly all of Spanish descent, while the majority of the rank and file of the American soldiery was Indian. To this day, a majority of the population of Spanish America, excepting only Chile, Argentina and the West Indian Islands, is indigenous, and their poets still sing of "indigenous America," but they sing in the Spanish tongue! See p. 211, l. 7.
[196.—21.] See note to p. 162, l. 8. The Peruvian flag has an image of the sun in its center.