II. The native Spanish strophes are usually combinations of 8-syllable or shorter lines. The 11-syllable line, itself an importation from Italy, brought with it many well-known Italian strophes. In none of the pure Italian forms are lines ending in agudos or esdrújulos permissible.
(1) The redondilla mayor consists of four 8-syllable lines with the rime-scheme abba (pp. 149, 167), or, less commonly, abab (p. 136). It is a common and characteristic Spanish meter. The redondilla menor has the same form expressed in lines of less than eight syllables. The same rime-schemes are found with lines of seven or of eleven (pp. 117, 207) syllables, and with combinations of eleven and seven (p. 134), or eleven and five (p. 86) syllables; but they are not properly called redondillas.
(2) The quintilla is a 5-line strophe, usually of 8-syllable lines. Only two rimes are used in one stanza, and not more than two lines having the same rime should stand together (pp. 26, 114). Quintillas are sometimes written with lines of other lengths. Examples with eleven and seven syllables are found on pp. 128, 133 and 148. The stanza used in Vida retirada (p. 9) is termed lira: cf. Introduction, p. xxiii.
(3) The décima (or espinela) is a 10-line strophe of 8-syllable lines which may be considered as two quintillas; but there should be a pause after the fourth line, and the rime-scheme is usually as follows: abbaaccddc.
(4) The arte mayor line has already been described (p. lxxv). The copla de arte mayor is a stanza of eight such lines, usually having the rime-scheme abbaacca.
(5) The octava rima (Ital. ottava rima) is an Italian form. Each stanza has eight 11-syllable lines with the rime-scheme abababcc. Examples are found of octaves employing short lines. A variety of the octava rima is the octava bermudina with the rime-scheme abbcdeec, the lines in c ending in agudos.
(6) The soneto (sonnet) is formed of fourteen 11-syllable lines. In the Siglo de Oro it appears as a much stricter form than the English sonnet of the corresponding period. The quatrains have the regular construction abba, and the tiercets almost always follow one of two types: either cde, cde, or cdcdcd. See pp. 14, 18, 148, etc.
(7) Tercetos (Italian terza rima), the verse used by Dante in the Divina Commedia, are formed of 11-syllable lines in groups of three, with the rime-scheme aba, bcb, cdc, etc., ending yzyz. See p. 15.
(8) The term canción, which means any lyrical composition, is also applied specifically to a verse form in which the poet invents a typical strophe, with a certain length of line and order of rimes, and adheres to this type of stanza throughout the whole poem. The lines are of eleven and seven syllables,—the Italian structure. Of such nature are the poems on pp. 8, 20, 71, 137 (bottom), 174, 190.