Musketry (.303 and .22 cartridges) / Elementary training, visual training, judging distance, fire discipline, range practices, field practices

by Unknown

(Actual size. [See footnote, p. 250].)

4. Instructional Targets (Figs. 70, 71, and 72).—(i) These targets are also coloured green, grey, and brown, the colour of the uniform of the figures on them corresponding in each case with that of the target. The figures are accurately scaled down to correct size at 25 yards for the actual distances, so as to help men in judging close range by accustoming the eye to the appearance of men seen at different distances against backgrounds which harmonize with the colour of their uniform. It must be remembered that the figures on these targets, though necessarily depicted in fixed postures as stationary marks, represent men in movement during which they are seldom stationary or seen in a fixed posture, except, possibly, for a few seconds while lying down to fire.

(ii) Accordingly, marks are not given for hits scored on any particular part of the figures depicted in fixed postures, which would usually be seen in movement, but for shots grouped in areas of comparative value as regards probable assurance of fire effect, chosen in the light of experience of war as the best aiming points for firing at figures in movement which frequently and suddenly alternate between the upright and lying positions. The centre triangles, representing the most valuable of these grouping areas, are purposely made fairly large for the reasons stated in connection with the elementary triangles—namely, that they are grouping areas for snapshooting, and not for deliberate firing.

INDEX

• Aim corrector, use of, [53], [241]
• —— teacher, Legret, use of, [240]
• Aiming and firing, instruction and practices in, [43-46], [72]
• —— at crossing targets, [58]
• —— at ground and service targets, [53], [54]
• —— disc, use of, [52], [243]
• —— instruction in, [43-61], [208]
• —— marks, [47], [193]
• —— off for movement, [58], [59], [217]
• —— —— —— wind, [55-57]
• —— rules for, [47], [48]
• —— up and down, xxii, [57], [58]
• Aircraft, firing on, [112]
• Alarms, automatic, [193]
• Alignment, automatic, of rifles, [194]
• —— of sights, [48], [49]
• Ammunition, care of, [12]
• —— Mark VI bullet, [21], [22], [24], [34], [35], [38], [50]
• —— Mark VII bullet, [21], [22], [24], [34], [50]
• —— surplus, [166]
• Annual courses, [177], [181]
• Anticipatory orders, [128], [227]
• Application practices, [149]
• —— tactical, of rifle fire, [112-119], [228]
• Arms, care of, xii, [10-12]
• —— cleaning of, [4-10]
• —— defects in, instructions regarding, [1]
• Arms, inspection of, on parade, [15-17]
• —— small, examination of, [12-15], [17]
• Army Ordnance Corps, courses for, [180], [181]
• —— Service Corps, courses for, [180], [181]
• —— Veterinary Corps, classification practices for, [170]
• Artillery, effect of rifle fire on, [111]
• Averages, computation of, [167]
• Background, effect of, on visibility of targets, [73], [83], [211]
• Backsight, adjustment of, [60], [61]
• Back-reckoning, range finding by, [97]
• Barometric pressure, effect of, on shooting, [27]
• Bayonet, fixed, effect of, on shooting, [24]
• Beaten zone, [33], [34], [38-42]
• Bolt, [7], [9], [11]
• Bore, cleaning of, [9]
• Cadet competitions, [230]
• —— muscle exercises, [79], [80]
• Casualties, ammunition of, [132]
• Cavalry, classification practices for, [168]
• —— courses for, [171], [174], [177-179]
• —— effect of rifle fire on, [111]
• Classification practices, conditions of, [168-170], [178], [179]
• Classification practices in judging distance, [94-96]
• —— ranges, field practices on, [184-192]
• Cleaning of the rifle, [4-10]
• Clock-face method of describing targets, [123]
• Close range, effect of fire at, [110]
• —— —— firing without sighting at, [22]
• Collective field practices, [155-158], [176], [179], [188-192]
• —— —— —— conduct of, [183]
• —— —— —— on Landscape targets, [229]
• —— —— —— on Solano target, [226-228]
• —— fire, dispersion of, [31-35]
• —— —— need for, [29-31], [221]
• Combined sights, use of, [36-38], [89], [230]
• Competitions, directions for all, [201], [230]
• Conduct of range and field practices, [159-192]
• Cone of fire, [31], [35], [36]
• Countryside, terms describing, xxvi
• Cover, adapting firing positions to, [75], [76]
• —— firing from, [73-77], [161], [210]
• —— improvising on miniature ranges, [204]
• Crossing targets, aiming and firing at, [58], [59], [151]
• Cut-off, use of, [71]
• Dangerous space, conditions affecting extent of, [25], [26], [34]
• Dead ground, [42]
• Defiladed zone, [40], [42]
• Deflection, table of, for side winds, [55]
• Deliberate practices, [143], [161]
• Demonstrations of individual and collective field practices, [214], [221]
• Description of targets, [83], [119-127]
• —— —— —— instruction in, on miniature ranges, [212]
• —— points, [120]
• Discernment of targets, [82-84], [210]
• Distant range, effect of fire at, [110]
• Drift, effect of, [24]
• Effect of fire at different ranges on various formations and objectives, [110-112]
• Effective fire, zone of, [35], [36]
• —— range, effect of fire at, [110]
• Elementary figure targets, [206], [245], [246]
• —— targets, Solano, [207], [250-256]
• Elevation. See Sighting
• Error of the day, xxiii, [37]
• Examination of small-arms, [12-15], [17]
• Field-glasses, use of, [84], [121], [165]
• Field practices, [141], [151-158]
• Field practices, elementary, [171]
• —— —— on classification ranges, [184-192]
• —— —— —— miniature ranges, [213-230]
• Figure targets, [207], [246]
• Figures, miniature range, [207], [247]
• —— Solano, [249]
• Finger, use of, for judging lateral distance, [92]
• Finger-breadth method of describing targets, [122]
• Fire, accuracy of, practices in, [187-190], [219], [232]
• —— action, organization for, [106-110], [224]
• —— and movement, [114], [186], [191], [219], [224]
• —— collective. See Collective fire
• —— concentrated, [115], [154], [223], [229]
• —— control, [105-134], [212], [223]
• —— —— practices in, [188], [226]
• —— converging, xxiii, [115]
• —— covering, xxiii, [116], [223]
• —— direction, [105-134], [212]
• —— —— practices, [154], [179], [220], [226-227]
• —— discipline, [130-134], [212]
• —— dispersion of, [31-36]
• —— distributed, [36], [115], [154], [223]
• —— —— practices in, [227], [229]
• —— effect of, at various ranges, on various formations and objectives, [111], [112]
• —— —— relation of ground to, [38-42]
• —— effective, xxiii, [35], [36], [110]
• —— enfilade, xxiii, [115]
• —— grazing, xxiii, [41], [42]
• —— individual, [29-31]
• —— oblique, xxiv, [115]
• —— observation of. See Observation of fire
• —— opening of, [113], [114], [153], [222]
• —— —— —— practices in, [185], [189], [216], [217], [228]
• —— orders, [127-130], [188]
• —— rapid, [117], [118], [150]
• —— —— practice in, [187-189], [219], [227], [228]
• —— rates of, [117]
• —— searching, xxiv, [35-38], [115]
• —— short bursts of, [118]
• —— superiority of, xxvi, [113], [189]
• —— sweeping, [115]
• —— tactical application of, [112-119], [228]
• —— theory of rifle, [18-42]
• —— trenches, xi
• —— unaimed, xxiv, [41], [42]
• —— unit commander, duties of, [109], [212]
• —— —— composition of, xxiv, [108]
• —— unsteady, [119]
• —— volume of, [117]
• Firing, aiming and, instruction, [43-46], [72]
• —— elementary, instruction in, [62-80]
• —— from cover, [73-77], [161], [210]
• —— positions, [66-69]
• —— —— adapted to cover, [75], [76]
• —— —— height of cover for different, [68], [74]
• —— —— vulnerability of different, [66], [67], [209]
• —— rapid, instruction in, [150]
• —— —— practices in, [187-189], [227], [228], [232]
• —— up and down hill, [26], [27]
• Flare lights, [193]
• Foreground, illumination of, x
• —— range sketch of, [101]
• Foresight, use of, in aiming, [50], [51]
• Formations, effect of fire on various, [111]
• Fouling, cause and removal of, [3]
• Frontages and objectives, allocation of, [107]
• Gauze, use of, for cleaning, [5], [6]
• German musketry, vii
• —— night attacks, ix
• —— plan of attack, viii
• Grenade, hand, [194-200]
• Ground, aiming at, [53], [54]
• —— dead, [42]
• —— firing at, practice in, [218]
• —— relation of, to dangerous space, [26]
• —— —— —— to fire effect, [38-42]
• —— study of, instruction in, [86], [88], [211]
• Group of shots, [31], [146], [147]
• —— —— —— rules for measuring, [140], [160], [247]
• Grouping and application, [146-150]
• —— practices, [146], [159], [160], [180], [213], [231]
• Gun-flash, range finding by, [98]
• Hand grenades, [194-200]
• Harmonizing rifles, [244], [245]
• Illumination grenade, x
• —— of foreground, x
• Indication of targets, [123-126]
• Individual field practices, [152-154], [176], [179], [185-188]
• —— —— —— on miniature ranges, [214-220]
• —— fire, limit of, [29-31]
• Infantry, courses for, [171], [174], [177]
• —— classification practices for, [168]
• Inspection of arms, [15-17]
• Instructional practices, [174-177], [213]
• —— targets, Solano, [207], [254-257]
• Jambs, instructions regarding, in timed practices, [162]
• Judging distance by eye, [91-96]
• Jump, effect of, [23], [24]
• Kneeling position, [68]
• Landscape target practices, [229], [247]
• Lateral distance, estimating, [92]
• Lectures, [18], [31], [43], [105], [106], [135], [212], [214], [221]
• Legret aim-teacher, use of, [240]
• Loading, instruction and practices, [69-71]
• Long range, effect of fire at, [110]
• —— —— sights, [49], [61]
• Lying position, [67], [68]
• Machine-guns, effect of rifle fire on, [111]
• Map-reading, range-finding by, [97]
• Marking down, instruction in and practice in, [54], [217]
• Military vocabulary, instruction in, [84], [85]
• —— —— —— —— on miniature ranges, [211]
• —— —— list of terms, xxvi-xxviii
• Miniature ranges, cadet competitions on, [230]
• —— —— collective field practices on, [26-30]
• —— —— field practices on, [213-230]
• —— —— fire-direction practices on, [220]
• —— —— improvising cover for, [204]
• —— —— individual field practices on, [214-220]
• —— —— instruction on, [207-212]
• —— —— precautions for safety on, [204]
• —— —— preliminary training on, [207-212]
• —— —— range practices on, [213]
• —— —— rifles for firing on, [204]
• —— —— scope of training on, [203]
• —— —— targets for use on, [205]
• Missfires, cause and directions regarding, [12], [162]
• Movement, avoidance of, in loading and firing, [67], [73], [209]
• —— effect of, on visibility of targets, [84], [209]
• —— fire and, [114], [186], [191], [219], [224]
• Muscle exercises, [77], [80]
• Mutual support, [116], [223]
• Nickelling, cause and removal of, [3]
• Night firing, [193], [194], [230]
• Observation practices, [165]
• —— —— on miniature ranges, [213], [250]
• —— of fire, ranging by, [29], [38], [89], [96], [97]
• —— —— —— practices in, [188], [190], [230], [250]
• Observers, duties of, [110]
• Organization for fire action, [106-110], [224]
• Pairs, working in, [131]
• Point of mean impact, [147], [160]
• Preliminary training and tests, [135-140]
• —— —— on miniature ranges, [207-212]
• Pull-off, [11], [64]
• Pull-through, use of, [4], [5]
• Qualification, conditions of, for Part I., Table B, [167]
• Range-cards and range-marks, [98-103], [212]
• ——- finding, methods of, [96-98], [190]
• ——- practices, conduct of, [162-166]
• —— —— instruction in, [141-146]
• —— sketch of foreground, [101]
• Ranges, effect of fire at different, [110]
• —— terms applied to, xxv
• Ranging, methods of, [89], [90], [190]
• Recognition of targets, [126], [212]
• Recruits’ course, [171], [174-176], [180]
• Ricochets, [26]
• Rifles, care of, xii, [10-12]
• —— cleaning of, [4-10]
• —— drill purposes, [15]
• —— examination of, [13-15], [17]
• —— for firing on miniature ranges, [204]
• —— inspection of, on parade, [15-17]
• —— M.L.E., [13], [15-17]
• —— —— charger loading, [14], [236-239]
• —— M.L.M., [13], [15-17]
• —— parts of various, [233-239]
• —— selection of, for recruits, [46]
• —— short, M.L.E., [14], [15], [233-235]
• Rod for measuring groups, [247]
• Royal Army Medical Corps, classification practices for, [170]
• Royal Artillery, courses for, [180], [181]
• Royal Engineers, classification practices for, [169]
• —— —— courses for, [171], [174-180]
• Safety-catch, use of, [71]
• Scoring, directions for, [245-247]
• Searching, [35-38]
• Sectors, method of dividing Field of Fire into, [107]
• Service targets, aiming at, [51], [53]
• Shot group. See Group of shots
• Sighting of rifles, [23]
• Sights, alignment of, [48], [49]
• —— combined. See Combined sights
• —— long-range, aiming with, [49]
• —— rapid adjustment of, [60], [61], [209]
• Sitting position for firing, [69]
• Snapping, [63-66]
• Snapshooting, instruction in, [150], [218], [231]
• Solano elementary and instructional targets, [207], [250-257]
• Solano figures, list of, [249]
• —— scenery anti scenic accessories, [248]
• —— target, arrangement of, for practices, [213], [220], [221]
• —— demonstrations on, [214], [221]
• —— Marks I and II, [248-250]
• Sound, location of enemy by, [84]
• —— range-finding by, [98]
• Standing position, [67]
• Surprise, effect of, [113], [118]
• Tables A—Recruits course, [174-176], [180]
• —— B—Annual course, [177-179], [181] Targets, choice of, [153], [215], [222]
• —— figure. See Figure targets
• —— for use on miniature ranges, [205-207]
• —— indication of, [123-126]
• Temperature, effect of, on shooting, [27]
• Thirty yards range, practices on, [159]
• Timed practices, rules for, [161]
• Trained Soldiers’ course, rules for conduct of, [172-174]
• —— —— —— Tables B, [177], [181]
• Trajectory, [21], [22], [25]
• Trenches, fire, xi
• Triangle aiming and scoring diagrams, [252]
• —— of error as a test of proficiency in aiming, [51-53]
• Trigger-pressing, [63-66]
• Unloading, directions for, [70]
• Visibility of targets, effect of background on, [73], [83], [211]
• —— —— —— —— —— movement on, [84], [209]
• Visual training, [81], [82]
• —— —— on miniature ranges, [210]
• Volume of fire, [117]
• Wear, causes and prevention of, [2]
• Wind, aiming-off for, [55-57], [227]
• —— allowance for, [28-29]
• —— deflection table for, [55]
• —— effect of, on shooting, [28]
• —— head, [28]
• —— judging strength and direction of, [55]
• —— oblique, [28], [29], [56]
• —— rear, [28]
• —— side, [28], [29], [55]
• Wire gauze, [5], [6]
• Zone, beaten, [33], [34] [38-42]
• —— of effective fire, [35-37]

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