2. Rules for Judging Distance by Eye.—(i) The varying nature of the ground and its features, together with different conditions of light and atmosphere, affect general impressions of distance as measured by the eye by making objects look smaller or larger, and so making them seem nearer or further away from an observer than they actually are.
(ii) Conditions which appear to Increase Distance.—Objects will appear smaller, and therefore farther away than they are, under the following conditions:
(a) When objects are of the same colour or a colour which harmonizes with their background.
(b) On broken ground.
(c) When seen across a valley or undulating ground.
(d) In avenues, long streets, or ravines.
(e) When in shadow.
(f) When viewed in mist or failing light.
(g) When heat is rising from the ground.
(h) When seen near any other object which makes it appear smaller than it is by the effect of comparison.