[1634] There is a cursory survey in John Scoffern’s Stray leaves of science and folk lore (London, 1870).
[1635] Cf. his papers in Leisure Hour, xxiii. 740, 766; xxvi. 54.
[1636] Current periodical views can be traced in Poole’s Index (vols. i. and ii.) under “Man,” “Races,” “Prehistoric,” etc.
The views of the cosmogonists, running back to the beginning of the sixteenth century, are followed down to the birth of modern geology in Pattison’s The Earth and the Word (Lond., 1858), and condensed in M’Clintock & Strong’s Cyclopædia (iii. 795).
[1637] Verse 1. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
Verse 2. And the earth was without form and void, etc.
[1638] Cf. also J. D. Whitney’s Climatic Changes. The present proportion of land to water is reckoned as four is to eleven. The ocean’s average depth is variously estimated at from eleven to thirteen times that of the average elevation of land above water, or as 11,000 or 13,000 feet is to 1,000 feet. The bulk of water on the globe is computed at thirty-six times the cubic measurement of the land above water (Ibid. 194, 209).
[1639] For an extended discussion of the Atlantis question, see ante, ch. 1.
[1640] It is enough to indicate the necessary correlation of this subject with the transformation theory of J. B. A. Lamarck as enunciated in his Philosophie Zoologique (Paris, 1809; again, 1873), which Cuvier opposed; and with the new phase of it in what is called Darwinism, a theory of the survival of the fittest, leading ultimately to man. Lyell (Principles of Geology, 11th ed., ii, 495) presents the diverse sides of the question, which is one hardly germane to our present purpose.
[1641] London, 1863, 3 eds., each enlarged; Philad., 1863. In his final edition Lyell acknowledges his obligations to Lubbock’s Prehistoric Man and John Evans’s Anc. Stone Implements. His final edition is called: The geological evidences of the antiquity of man, with an outline of glacial and post-tertiary geology and remarks on the origin of species with special reference to man’s first appearance on the earth. 4th ed., revised (London, 1873).