L. J. Du Pré, in Harper’s Monthly (Feb., 1875), p. 347, reports upon a ten-acre adobe threshing-floor, preserved two feet and a half beneath black loam, near Memphis.
[1791] Col. Jones’s papers are: Indian Remains in South Georgia, an address (Savannah, 1859); Ancient tumuli on the Savannah River; Monumental Remains of Georgia, part i. (Savannah, 1861); Amer. Antiq. Soc. Proc., April, 1869; Antiquities of Southern Indians (1873); on effigy mounds in Smithsonian Rept. (1877); and on bird-shaped mounds in Journal Anthropological Soc., viii. 92. Cf. also the early chapters of his Hist. of Georgia.
Other writers: H. C. Williams and Geo. Stephenson in Smithson. Rept. (1870); and Wm. McKinley and M. F. Stephenson (1872). Cf. Amer. Ethnol. Soc. Trans., iii., on Creeks and Cherokees; and on the great mound in the Etowah Valley, Amer. Asso. Adv. Sci. (1871). Thomas (Fifth Rept. Bur. Ethnol.) supposes the Etowah mound to be the one with a roadway described by Garcilasso de la Vega as being on De Soto’s route. Thomas describes other mounds of this group, giving cuts of the incised copper plates found in them, which he holds to be of European make. This forces him to the conclusion that the larger mound was built before De Soto’s incursion and the others later; and as they differ from those in Carolina, he determines they were not built by the Cherokees.
[1792] Cf. S. A. Agnew in Smithsonian Reports (1867), and J. W. C. Smith (1874, cf. 1879); Jas. R. Page in St. Louis Acad. Science Trans., iii., and Cinn. Q. Journal of Sci., Oct., 1875; Haven, p. 51; and Edw. Fontaine’s How the World was peopled, 153.
[1793] E. Cornelius in Amer. Journ. Sci., i. 223; Pickett’s Alabama, ch. 3.
[1794] Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, iii., and in N. Y. Hist. Soc. Proc., 1846, p. 124. Brinton’s Floridian Peninsula, ch. 6. Amer. Antiquarian, iv. 100; ix. 219. Smithsonian Reports (1874), by A. Mitchell, and 1879.
[1795] J. M. Spainhour on antiquities in North Carolina, in Smithson. Rept., 1871; T. R. Peale on some near Washington, D. C. (Ibid., 1872); Schoolcraft, on some in Va., in Amer. Ethnol. Soc. Trans., i.; with Squier and Davis, and Peabody Mus. Rept., x., by Lucien Carr. There is a plan of a fort in Virginia in the Amer. Pioneer, Sept., 1842, and a paper on the graves in S. W. Virginia in Mag. Amer. Hist., Feb., 1885, p. 184.
[1796] W. E. Guest on those near Prescott, in Smithsonian Rept., 1856. T. C. Wallbridge describes some at the bay of Quinté in Canadian Journal (1860), v. 409, and Daniel Wilson for Canada West in Ibid., Nov., 1856. T. H. Lewis on the remains in the valley of the Red River of the North, in Amer. Antiquarian, viii. 369; and for those in Manitoba papers by A. McCharles in the Amer. Journal of Archæology, iii. 72 (June, 1887), and by George Bryce in Manitoba Hist. and Sci. Soc. Trans., No. 18 (1884-85). Bancroft’s Nat. Races, iv. 738, etc., for British Columbia.
[1797] Cf. for garden beds Amer. Antiquarian, i. and vii.; Foster, 155; Bela Hubbard’s Memorials of a half century (Detroit). Shaler (Kentucky, 46) surmises that it was the buffalo coming into the Ohio Valley, and affording food without labor, that debased the moundbuilders to hunters.
[1798] Cf. Col. Whittlesey on rock inscriptions in the United States in West. Res. Hist. Soc. Tract No. 42. Col. Garrick Mallory’s special studies of pictographs are contained in the Bull. U. S. Geological Survey of the territories (1877), and in the Fourth Rept. Bur. Ethnol. Wm. McAdams includes those of the Mississippi Valley in his Records of ancient races in the Mississippi Valley (St. Louis, 1887). Cf. Hist. Mag., x. 307. Those in Ohio are enumerated in the Final Rept. of the State Board of Centennial Managers (1877), by M. C. Read and Col. Whittlesey. Cf. also the West. Res. Hist. Soc. Tracts Nos. 12, 42, 53; the Amer. Asso. Adv. Sci. Proc. (1875); and The Antiquary, ii. 15. Those in the Upper Minnesota Valley are reported on by T. H. Lewis in the Amer. Naturalist, May, 1886, and July, 1887. J. R. Bartlett in his Personal Narrative noted some of those along the Mexican boundary, and Froebel (Seven Years’ Travel, Lond., 1859, p. 519) controverts some of Bartlett’s views. Cf. Nadaillac, Les premiers hommes, ii.; J. G. Bruff on those in the Sierra Nevada in Smithson. Rept., 1872. A. H. Keane reports upon some in North Carolina in the Journal Anthropological Inst. (London), xii. 281. C. C. Jones in his Southern Indians (1873) covers the subject. Some in Brazil are noted in Ibid., Apr., 1873.