[1818] Pilling, p. xxxi.
[1819] A school book, Marcius Willson’s Amer. History (N. Y., 1847), went much farther than any book of its class, or even of the usual popular histories, in the matter of American antiquities, giving a good many plans and cuts of ruins.
[1820] For bibliog. detail regarding the Nat. Races, see Pilling’s Proof Sheets, p. 9. Reviews of the work are noted in Poole’s Index, p. 956.
[1821] Cf., for instance, Dall’s strictures on the tribes of the N. W. in Contrib. to Amer. Ethnol., i. p. 8.
[1822] Sabin, ii. 7233; Field, no. 169.
[1823] Bare mention may be made of a few other books of a general scope: Jean Benoit Scherer’s Recherches historiques et géographiques sur le nouveau monde (Paris, 1777); D. B. Warden’s Recherches sur les Antiquités de l’Am. Sept. (Paris, 1827) in Recueil de Voyages, publié par la Soc. Géog. (Paris, 1825, ii. 372; cf. Dupaix, ii.); Ira Hill’s Antiquities of Amer. Explained (Hagerstown, 1831); Louis Faliès’ Etudes historiques et philosophiques sur les civilisations européenne, romaine, grecque, des populations primitives de l’Amérique septentrionale, les Chiapas, Palenqué des Nuhuas ancêtres des Toltèques, civilisation Yucatèque, Zapotèques, Mixtèques, royaume du Michoacan, populations du Nord-Ouest, du Nord et de l’Est, bassin du Mississipi, civilisation Toltèque, Aztèque, Amérique du centre, Péruvienne, domination des Incas, royaume de Quito, Océanie (Paris, 1872-74); Frederick Larkin’s Ancient man in America. Including works in western New York, and portions of other states, together with structures in Central America (New York, 1880),—a book, however, hardly to be commended by archæologists; and Charles Francis Keary’s Dawn of History, an introduction to prehistoric study (N. Y., 1887).
[1824] It is not necessary to enumerate many titles, but reference may be made to the summary of prehistoric conditions in Zerffi’s Historical development of art. It may be worth while to glance at A. Daux’s Etudes préhistoriques. L’industrie humaine: ses origines, ses premiers essais et ses légendes depuis les premiers temps jusqu’au déluge (Paris, 1877); Dawson’s Fossil men, ch. 5; Joly’s Man before Metals; Nadaillac’s Les Premiers Hommes, ii. ch. 11; Dabry de Thiersant’s Origine des indiens du Nouveau Monde (Paris, 1883); and Brühl’s Culturvölker alt-Amerika’s, ch. 14, 16.
[1825] Cf., particularly for California, Putnam’s Report in Wheeler’s Survey.
[1826] There is some question if the early Americans ever carried on the heavier parts of the quarrying arts, as for building-stones. Cf. Morgan’s Houses and House Life, 274. They did quarry soap-stone (Elmer R. Reynolds, Schumacher and Putnam, in Peabody Mus. Repts., xii.) and mica (Smithsonian Report, 1879, by W. Gesner; C. D. Smith in Ibid. 1876; Dr. Brinton in Proc. Numism. and Antiq. Soc. of Philad., 1878, p. 18). That they quarried pipe-stone is also well known, and the famous red pipe-stone quarry, lying between the Missouri and Minnesota rivers, was under the protection of the Great Spirit, so that tribes at war with one another are said to have buried their hatchets as they approached it. Wilson, in the last chapter of the first volume of his Prehistoric man, examines this pipe-carving and tells the story of this famous quarry. He refers to the tobacco mortars of the Peruvians in which they ground the dry leaf; and to the pipes of the mounds in which it was smoked. Cf. J. F. Nadaillac’s Les pipes et le tabac (Paris, 1885), taken from the Materiaux pour l’histoire primitive de l’homme (ii. for 1885); and Lucien de Rosny on “Le tabac et ses accessoires parmi les indigènes de l’Amérique,” in Mémoires sur l’Archéologie Américaine, 1865, of the Soc. d’Ethnographie.
[1827] It should be remembered that the recognition of the Flint-folk as occupying a distinct stage of development is a modern notion. For a century and a half after European museums began to gather stone implements they were reputed relics of Celtic art. Treatment of American art necessarily makes part of the works of Squier and Davis; Schoolcraft; Foster’s Prehistoric Races, ch. 6; Lubbock’s Prehistoric Times; Joly’s Man before Metals. Cf. references in Poole’s Index under “Stone Age” and “Stone Implements.”