OSCAR PESCHEL.
From the engraving in the 1877 ed. of his Gesch. des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen. His Abhandlungen zur Erd-und Völker-Kunde, continuing his contributions to Das Ausland and other periodicals, and edited by J. Löwenberg, was published at Leipzig, in 3 vols. in 1877-79, the preface containing an account of Peschel’s services in this field.
In the Old World such heaps upon the Danish coast have attracted the most attention under the name of Kjœkkenmœddinger, or Kitchen-middens, and their teachings have enlivened the recitals of nearly all the European archæologists who have sought to picture the condition of these early races.
It seems to be the general opinion that in the Old World this shell-heap folk succeeded, if they do not in part constitute the contemporaries of, the men of the caves.[1683]
JEFFRIES WYMAN.
From a photograph taken in 1868, furnished by his family. The portrait in the Peabody Museum Report, no. viii., represents him somewhat later in life, with a beard. He died Sept. 4, 1874. There are accounts of Wyman in the same Report, by Asa Gray, who also made an address on Wyman before the Boston Society of Nat. Hist. (cf. Pop. Science Monthly, Jan., 1875), with commemorations by O. W. Holmes (Atlantic Monthly, Nov., 1874, and Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc., xiv. 4), by F. W. Putnam in the Proc. Amer. Acad. with a list of his publications; by Packard in the Mem. Nat. Acad., and B. G. Wilder (Old and New, Nov., 1874).
These accumulations are known usually in America as shell heaps, and it is generally characteristic of them that, while they contain pottery and bone implements, the stone instruments are far less numerous, and generally occur in the upper layers in those of Florida, but they are scattered through all the layers in those of New England. Professor Jeffries Wyman, whose name is in this country particularly associated with shell-heap investigations, could not find[1684] that any one had in the scientific spirit called attention to the subject in America earlier than Caleb Atwater in the Archæologia Americana (vol. i., 1820), who had observed such deposits on the Muskingum River in Ohio. They had not passed unnoticed, however, by some of the early explorers. Putnam (Essex Inst. Bulletin, xv. 86) notes that J. T. Ducatel observed those on the Chesapeake in 1834. The earliest more particular mention of the inland mounds seem to have been made in Prinz Maximilian’s Travels in the United States.[1685] Foster, in his Prehistoric Races of the U. S. (ch. 4,—a special survey of the American heaps), says that Professor Vanuxem was the first to describe the sea-side mounds in 1841, in the Proc. Amer. Asso. Geologists (i. 22).[1686]
