[The cut on the title represents a mask, which forms the centre of the Mexican Calendar Stone, as engraved in D. Wilson’s Prehistoric Man, i. 333, from a cast now in the Collection of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.]
| INTRODUCTION. | |
| Part I. Americana in Libraries and Bibliographies. The Editor | [i] |
| Illustrations: Portrait of Professor Ebeling, [iii]; of James Carson Brevoort, [x]; ofCharles Deane, [xi]. | |
| Part II. Early Descriptions of America, and Collective Accounts of the Early Voyages Thereto. The Editor | [xix] |
| Illustrations: Title of the Newe Unbekanthe Landte, [xxi]; of Peter Martyr’s De Nupersub D. Carolo repertis insulis (1521), [xxii]; Portrait of Grynæus, [xxiv]; of SebastianMünster, [xxvi], [xxvii]; of Monardes, [xxix]; of De Bry, [xxx]; of Feyerabend, [xxxi]. | |
| CHAPTER I. | |
| The Geographical Knowledge of the Ancients Considered in Relation To The Discovery of America. William H. Tillinghast | [1] |
| Illustrations: Maps by Macrobius, [10], [11], [12]; Carli’s Traces of Atlantis, [17]; Sanson’sAtlantis Insula, [18]; Bory de St. Vincent’s Carte Conjecturale de l’Atlantide, [19]; ContourChart of the Bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, [20]; The Rectangular Earth, [30]. | |
| Critical Essay | [33] |
| Notes | [38] |
| A. The Form of the Earth, [38]; B. Homer’s Geography, [39]; C. Supposed References toAmerica, [40]; D. Atlantis, [41]; E. Fabulous Islands of the Atlantic in the Middle Ages,[46]; F. Toscanelli’s Atlantic Ocean, [51]. G. (By the Editor.) Early Maps of the AtlanticOcean, [53]. | |
| Illustrations: Map of the Fifteenth Century, [53]; Map of Fr. Pizigani (a.d. 1367), andof Andreas Bianco (1436), [54]; Catalan Map (1375), [55]; Map of Andreas Benincasa(1476), [56]; Laon Globe, [56]; Maps of Bordone (1547), [57], [58]; Map made at the End ofthe Fifteenth Century, [57]; Ortelius’s Atlantic Ocean (1587), [58]. | |
| CHAPTER II. | |
| Pre-Columbian Explorations. Justin Winsor | [59] |
| Illustrations: Norse Ship, [62]; Plan of a Viking Ship [63], and her Rowlock, [63]; NorseBoat used as a Habitation, [64]; Norman Ship from the Bayeux Tapestry, [64]; ScandinavianFlags, [64]; Scandinavian Weapons, [65]; Runes, [66], [67]; Fac-simile of the Title of theZeno Narrative, [70]; Its Section on Frisland, [71]; Ship of the Fifteenth Century, [73];The Sea of Darkness, [74]. | |
| Critical Notes | [76] |
| A. Early Connection of Asiatic Peoples with the Western Coast of America, [76]; B. Irelandthe Great, or White Man’s Land, [82]; C. The Norse in Iceland, [83]; D. Greenland and itsRuins, [85]; E. The Vinland Voyages, [87]; F. The Lost Greenland Colonies, [107]; G.Madoc and the Welsh, [109]; H. The Zeni and their Map, [111]; I. Alleged Jewish Migration, [115];J. Possible Early African Migrations, [116]. | |
| Illustrations: Behring’s Sea and Adjacent Waters, [77]; Buache’s Map of the NorthPacific and Fusang, [79]; Ruins of the Church at Kakortok, [86]; Fac-simile of a SagaManuscript and Autograph of C. C. Rafn, [87]; Ruin at Kakortok, [88]; Map of Julianehaab, [89];Portrait of Rafn, [90]; Title-page of Historia Vinlandiæ Antiguæ per ThormodumTorfæum, [91]; Rafn’s Map of Norse America, [95]; Rafn’s Map of Vinland (NewEngland), [100]; View of Dighton Rock, [101]; Copies of its Inscription, [103]; Henrik Rink, [106];Fac-simile of the Title-page of Hans Egede’s Det gamle Gronlands nye Perlustration, [108];A British Ship of the Time of Edward I, [110]; Richard H. Major, [112];Baron Nordenskjöld, [113]. | |
| The Cartography of Greenland. The Editor | [117] |
| Illustrations: The Maps of Claudius Clavus (1427), [118], [119]; of Fra Mauro (1459), [120];Tabula Regionum Septentrionalium (1467), [121]; Map of Donis (1482), [122]; of HenricusMartellus (1489-90), [122]; of Olaus Magnus (1539), [123]; (1555), [124]; (1567), [125]; ofBordone (1547), [126]; The Zeno Map, [127]; as altered in the Ptolemy of 1561, [128]; TheMap of Phillipus Gallæus (1585), [129]; of Sigurd Stephanus (1570), [130]; The Greenlandof Paul Egede, [131]; of Isaac de la Peyrère (1647), [132]. | |
| CHAPTER III. | |
| Mexico and Central America. Justin Winsor | [133] |
| Illustrations: Clavigero’s Plan of Mexico, [143]; his Map of Anahuac, [144]; Environs duLac de Méxique, [145]; Brasseur de Bourbourg’s Map of Central America, [151]. | |
| Critical Essay | [153] |
| Illustrations: Manuscript of Bernal Diaz, [154]; Sahagún, [156]; Clavigero, [159]; LorenzoBoturini, [160]; Frontispiece of his Idea, with his Portrait, [161]; Icazbalceta, [163]; DanielG. Brinton, [165]; Brasseur de Bourbourg, [170]. | |
| Notes | [173] |
| I. The Authorities on the so-called Civilization of Ancient Mexico and Adjacent Lands, andthe Interpretation of such Authorities, [173]; II. Bibliographical Notes upon the Ruinsand Archæological Remains of Mexico and Central America, [176]; III. BibliographicalNotes on the Picture-Writing of the Nahuas and Mayas, [197]. | |
| Illustrations: The Pyramid of Cholula, [177]; The Great Mound of Cholula, [178]; MexicanCalendar Stone, [179]; Court of the Mexico Museum, [181]; Old Mexican Bridge nearTezcuco, [182]; The Indio Triste, [183]; General Plan of Mitla, [184]; Sacrificial Stone, [185];Waldeck, [186]; Désiré Charnay, [187]; Charnay’s Map of Yucatan, [188]; Ruined Templeat Uxmal, [189]; Ring and Head from Chichen-Itza, [190]; Viollet-le-Duc’s Restoration ofa Palenqué Building, [192]; Sculptures from the Temple of the Cross at Palenqué, [193];Plan of Copan, [194]; Yucatan Types of Heads, [195]; Plan of Quirigua, [196]; Fac-simileof Landa’s Manuscript, [198]; A Sculptured Column, [199]; Palenqué Hieroglyphics, [201];Léon de Rosny, [202]; The Dresden Codex, [204]; Codex Cortesianus, [206]; Codex Perezianus, [207],[208]. | |
| CHAPTER IV. | |
| The Inca Civilization in Peru. Clements R. Markham | [209] |
| Illustrations: Brasseur de Bourbourg’s Map of Northwestern South America, [210];Early Spanish Map of Peru, [211]; Llamas, [213]; Architectural Details at Tiahuanaca, [214];Bas-Reliefs, [215]; Doorway and other Parts, [216]; Image, [217]; Broken Doorway, [218];Tiahuanaca Restored, [219]; Ruins of Sacsahuaman, [220]; Inca Manco Ccapac, [228]; IncaYupanqui, [228]; Cuzco, [229]; Warriors of the Inca Period, [230]; Plan of the Temple ofthe Sun, [234]; Zodiac of Gold, [235]; Quipus, [243]; Inca Skull, [244]; Ruins at Chucuito, [245];Lake Titicaca, [246], [247]; Map of the Lake, [248]; Primeval Tomb, Acora, [249]; Ruinsat Quellenata, [249]; Ruins at Escoma, [250]; Sillustani, [250]; Ruins of an Incarial Village, [251];Map of the Inca Road, [254]; Peruvian Metal-Workers, [256]; Peruvian Pottery, [256], [257];Unfinished Peruvian Cloth, [258]. | |
| Critical Essay | [259] |
| Illustrations: House in Cuzco in which Garcilasso was born, [265]; Portraits of the Incasin the Title-page of Herrera, [267]; William Robertson, [269]; Clements R. Markham, [272];Márcos Jiménez de la Espada, [274]. | |
| Notes | [275] |
| I. Ancient People of the Peruvian Coast, [275]; II. The Quichua Language and Literature, [278]. | |
| Illustrations: Mummy from Ancon, [276]; Mummy from a Huaca at Pisco, [277]; Tapestryfrom the Graves of Ancon, [278]; Idol from Timaná, [281]. | |
| CHAPTER V. | |
| The Red Indian of North America in Contact with the French and English.George E. Ellis | [283] |
| Critical Essay. George E. Ellis and the Editor | [316] |
| CHAPTER VI. | |
| The Prehistoric Archæology of North America. Henry W. Haynes | [329] |
| Illustrations: Palæolithic Implement from the Trenton Gravels, [331]; The Trenton GravelBluff, [335]; Section of Bluff near Trenton, [338]; Obsidian Spear Point from the LahontanLake, [349]. | |
| The Progress of Opinion respecting the Origin and Antiquity of Man inAmerica. Justin Winsor | [369] |
| Illustrations: Benjamin Smith Barton, [371]; Louis Agassiz, [373]; Samuel Foster Haven, [374];Sir Daniel Wilson, [375]; Professor Edward B. Tylor, [376]; Hochelagan and Cro-magnonSkulls, [377]; Theodor Waitz, [378]; Sir John Lubbock, [379]; Sir John WilliamDawson, [380]; Map of Aboriginal Migrations, [381]; Calaveras Skull, [385]; Ancient Footprintfrom Nicaragua, [386]; Cro-magnon, Enghis, Neanderthal, and Hochelagan Skulls, [389];Oscar Peschel, [391]; Jeffries Wyman, [392]; Map of Cape Cod, showing Shell Heaps, [393];Maps of the Pueblo Region, [394], [397]; Col. Charles Whittlesey, [399]; Increase A.Lapham, [400]; Plan of the Great Serpent Mound, [401]; Cincinnati Tablet, [404]; Old Viewof the Mounds on the Muskingum (Marietta), [405]; Map of the Scioto Valley, showingSites of Mounds, [406]; Works at Newark, Ohio, [407]; Major J. W. Powell, [411]. | |
| APPENDIX. | ||
| Justin Winsor. | ||
| I. | Bibliography of Aboriginal America | [413] |
| II. | The Comprehensive Treatises on American Antiquities | [415] |
| III. | Bibliographical Notes on the Industries and Trade of the American Aborigines | [416] |
| IV. | Bibliographical Notes on American Linguistics | [421] |
| V. | Bibliographical Notes on the Myths and Religions of America | [429] |
| VI. | Archæological Museums and Periodicals | [437] |
| Illustrations: Mexican Clay Mask, [419]; Quetzalcoatl, [432]; The Mexican Temple, [433];The Temple of Mexico, [434]; Teoyaomiqui, [435]; Ancient Teocalli, Oaxaca, Mexico, [436]. | ||
| Index | [445] | |
INTRODUCTION.
By the Editor.
