[726] “Zeno’s Frisland is not Iceland, but the Faröes” in Roy. Geog. Soc. Journal (1879), xlix. 412.
[727] Géog. du Moyen Age, iii. 103.
[728] Discovery of Maine, 92.
[729] Dudley, Arcano del Mare, pl. lii, places Estotiland between Davis and Hudson’s Straits; but Torfæus doubts if it is Labrador, as is “commonly believed.” Lafitau (Mœurs des Sauvages) puts it north of Hudson Bay. Forster calls it Newfoundland. Beauvois (Les colonies Européenes du Markland at de l’Escociland) makes it include Maine, New Brunswick, and part of Lower Canada. These are the chief varieties of belief. Steenstrup is of those who do not recognize America at all. Hornius, among the older writers, thought that Scotland or Shetland was more likely to have been the fisherman’s strange country. Santarem (Hist. de la Cartographie, iii. 141) points out an island, “Y Stotlandia,” in the Baltic, as shown on the map of Giovanni Leardo (1448) at Venice.
In P. B. Watson’s Bibliog. of Pre-Columbian Discoveries of America there is the fullest but not a complete list on the subject, and from this and other sources a few further references may be added: Belknap’s Amer. Biography; Humboldt’s Examen Critique, ii. 120; Asher’s Henry Hudson, p. clxiv; Gravier’s Découverte de l’Amérique, 183; Gaffarel’s Etude sur l’Amérique avant Colomb, p. 261, and in the Revue de Géog., vii., Oct., Nov., 1880, with the Zeno map as changed by Ortelius; De Costa’s Northmen in Maine; Weise’s Discoveries of America, p. 44; Goodrich’s Columbus; Peschel’s Gesch. des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen (1858), and Ruge’s work of the same title; Guido Cora’s I precursori di Cristoforo Colombo (Rome, 1886), taken from the Bollettino della soc. geog. italiana, Dec., 1885; Gay’s Pop. Hist. U. S. (i. 76); Foster’s Prehistoric Races; Studi biog. e bibliog. soc. geog. ital., 2d ed., 1882, p. 117; P. O. Moosmüller’s Europäer in Amerika vor Columbus, ch. 24; Das Ausland, Oct. 11, Dec. 27, 1886; Nature, xxviii. p. 14.
Geo. E. Emery, Lynn, Mass., issued in 1877 a series of maps, making Islandia to be Spitzbergen, with the East Bygd of the Northmen at its southern end; Frisland, Iceland; and Estotiland, Newfoundland.
[730] Sabin, x., no. 42,675.
[731] There are editions with annotations by Robert Ingram, at Colchester, Eng., 1792; and by Santiago Perez Junquera, at Madrid, 1881. Theoph. Spizelius’ Elevatio relationis Montezinianæ de repertis in America tribubus Israeliticis (Basle, 1661) is a criticism (Leclerc, 547; Field, 1473). One Montesinos had professed to have found a colony of Jews in Peru, and had satisfied Manasseh Ben Israel of his truthfulness.
[732] Cf. collations in Stevens’s Nuggets, p. 728, and his Hist. Coll., ii. no. 538; Brinley, iii. no. 5463; Field, no. 1551, who cites a new edition in 1652, called Digitus Dei: new discoveryes, with some arguments to prove that the Jews (a nation) a people ... inhabit now in America ... with the history of Ant: Montesinos attested by Mannasseh Ben Israell. A divine, John Dury, had urged Thorowgood to publish, and had before this, in printing some of the accounts of the work of Eliot and others among the New England Indians, announced his belief in the theory.
[733] Cotton Mather (Magnalia, iii. part 2) tells how Eliot traced the resemblances to the Jews in the New England Indians.