The map which accompanies Hariot’s narrative, as given by De Bry, was procured by him from England, and is subscribed “Auctore Joanne With,”—once De Bry writes it “Whit.” It was made in 1587, and Kohl in his Maps relating to America mentioned in Hakluyt, pp. 42-46, thinks that there can be no doubt With is John White, the captain, and that he based, or caused to be based, his drawing on observations made by Lane, who had been in the Chesapeake, while White had not. Stevens, Bibliotheca Historica, 1870, p. 222, identifies the John White the artist with Governor John White. A largely reduced fac-simile of this map is herewith given, for comparison with the Coast Survey chart of the same region. Other fac-similes of the original are given in the Histories of North Carolina by Hawks and Wheeler, in Gay’s Popular History of the United States, i. 243. It was later followed in the configurations of the coast given by Mercator, Hondius, De Laet, etc. The map which is given in Smith’s Generall Historie as “Ould Virginia” closely resembles White’s, which however extends farther north, and includes the entrance of the Chesapeake. There had been one earlier representation of “Virginia” on a map, and that was in Hakluyt’s edition of Peter Martyr on a half globe. De Bry also gives a bird’s-eye view of Roanoke and its vicinity.—Ed.]
[224] [The original sources are also made use of by Williamson and Wheeler in their histories of North Carolina. Some of them are printed in Pinkerton’s Voyages, in Payne’s Elizabethan Seamen, p. 211, and elsewhere; cf. Strachey’s Virginia, p. 142.—Ed.]
[225] [His narrative of the first voyage was published in 1596, the year following his voyage, and was called The Discoverie of the large, rich and bewtiful empire of Guiana, with a relation of the Great and Golden Citie of Manoa (which the Spanyards call El Dorado), etc. Huth Catalogue, iv. 1216. Carter-Brown Catalogue, vol. i. no. 507. I have compared Mr. Charles Deane’s copy. There are three copies of this in the Lenox Library, with such variations as indicate as many contemporary editions. Quaritch recently priced a copy at £20.
Ralegh had written this tract in large part on his voyage, when he made the map of Trinidad and that of Guiana, which he mentions as not yet finished. Kohl, Maps relating to America, etc., p. 65, thinks he has identified this drawing of Ralegh in a MS. map in the British Museum, which was acquired in 1849. The text of the Discoverie was reprinted in Hakluyt, iii. 627; in the Oldys and Birch’s edition (Oxford, 1829) of Ralegh’s Works, vol. viii.; in Pinkerton’s Voyages, xii. 196; in Cayley’s Life of Ralegh. The Hakluyt Society reprinted it under the editing of Sir R. H. Schomburgk, who gives a map of the Orinoco Valley, showing Ralegh’s track. Colliber’s English Sea Affairs, London, 1727, has a narrative based on it; Sabin, iv. 14414.
There was a Dutch version published at Amsterdam in 1598 by Cornelius Claesz; and it is from this that De Bry made his Latin version, in his part viii., 1599 (two editions), and 1625, also in German, 1599 and 1624. Also see part xiii. (1634). There were other Dutch editions or versions in 1605, 1617, 1644. Muller, Books on America, 1872, no. 1268, and 1877, no. 2654; Carter-Brown Catalogue, i. 454. It also formed part v. of Hulsius’s Collection of Voyages, and the Lenox Library Bibliographical Contribution on Hulsius gives a Latin edition, 1599, and German editions of 1599, 1601, 1603, 1612, 1663, with duplicate copies of some of them showing variations. See Asher’s Bibliography, p. 42; Camus’s Mémoire, p. 97; Meusel’s Bibliographia Historica, vol. iii. There are also versions or abridgments in the collections of Aa, 1706 and 1727, and Coreal, 1722, and 1738.
The report of Captain Lawrence Keymis was printed at London in 1596, of which there is a copy in Harvard College Library. See Carter-Brown Catalogue, vol. i. no. 500; it is also given in Hakluyt. Kohl cannot find that either Keymis or Masham made charts, but thinks their reports influenced the maps in Hondius, Hulsius, and De Bry.
The accusations against Ralegh in regard to his Guiana representations have been examined by his biographers. Tytler, ch. 3, defends him; Schomburgk shields him from Hume’s attacks; so does Kingsley in North British Review, also in his Essays, who thinks Ralegh had a right to be credulous, and that the ruins of the city may yet be found. Napier in the Edinburgh Review, later in his Lord Bacon and Ralegh, clears him of the charge of deceit about the mine. Van Heuvel’s El Dorado, New York, 1844, defends Ralegh’s reports, and gives a map. See Field’s Indian Bibliography no. 1595. St. John, in his Life of Ralegh, ch. xv., mentions finding Ralegh’s map in the archives of Simancas. See also the Lives by Edwards, ch. x.; by Thompson, ch. ii.; S. G. Drake in N. E. Hist. and Geneal. Reg., April, 1862, also separately and enlarged; Fox Bourn’s English Seamen, ch. viii.; Payne’s Elizabethan Seamen, pp. 327, 332; Bulfinch’s Oregon and El Dorado, etc. Further examination of the quest for El Dorado will be given in volume ii.—Ed.]
[226] [This was originally printed at London, 1618, pp. 45. There is a copy in Harvard College Library and in Charles Deane’s collection.—Ed.]
[227] Quoted by Neill in his Virginia Company of London, preface, pp. vi, vii. The play was written by Marston and others in 1605.
[228] Purchas, iv, 1685.