[898] [Following Chalmers, it had been often stated that the Assembly of 1649 was Catholic by majority; but four or five years before this publication of Davis, Mr. Sebastian F. Streeter, in his Maryland Two Hundred Years Ago, had claimed that the Assembly which passed the Toleration Act was by majority Protestant, for which, so late as January, 1869, he was taken to task in the Southern Review by Richard McSherry, M.D., who reprinted his paper in his Essays and Lectures. The question of the relations of Protestant and Catholic to the spirit of toleration is discussed by E. D. Neill, in his “Lord Baltimore and Toleration in Maryland,” in the Contemporary Review, September, 1876; by B. F. Brown, in his Early Religious History of Maryland: Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony, 1876; in “Early Catholic Legislation, 1634-49, on Religious Freedom,” in the New Englander, November, 1878. The Rev. Ethan Allen, in his Who were the Early Settlers of Maryland? published by the Historical Society in 1865, aimed to show that the vast majority were Protestant. Kennedy also had asserted that the Assembly of 1649 was Protestant.—Ed.]
[899] [He says in his preface that he picked up his threads from the printed sources in the Library of Congress while he was one of the Secretaries of President Johnson.—Ed.]
[900] [The principal of Mr. Neill’s other contributions are The Founders of Maryland as portrayed in Manuscripts, Provincial Records, and early Documents, published by Munsell, of Albany, in 1876; and English Colonization of America, chapters xi., xii., and xiii., where he first printed Captain Henry Fleet’s Journal of 1631. Streeter, in his Papers, etc., gives an account of Fleet.—Mr. Neill also printed Maryland not a Roman Catholic Colony, Minneapolis, 1875.—Ed.]
[901] A manuscript copy of this charter, both in Latin and English, is in the Maryland Historical Society. Many writers, including the Rev. E. D. Neill, so late as 1871, in his English Colonization in the Seventeenth Century, have made the mistake of supposing that the charter of Maryland was copied from the charter of Carolina, granted in 1629 to Sir Robert Heath. The last two named charters were both copied from the charter of Avalon, issued in 1623. [The Maryland charter of June 20, 1632, is printed by Scharf, i. 53, following Thomas Bacon’s translation, as given in his edition of the Laws, Annapolis, 1765; where is also the original Latin, which is likewise in Hazard’s Collection, i. 327. Lord Baltimore had printed it in London, in 1723, in a collection of the Acts, 1692-1715,—an edition which Bacon had never found in the Province. See the Brinley Catalogue, No. 3657. The Philadelphia Library has an edition printed in Philadelphia in 1718.—Ed.]
[902] [The Rev. John G. Morris, D.D., began a Bibliography of Maryland in the Historical Magazine (April and May, 1870), but it was never carried beyond “Baltimore.” If a topical index is furnished to Sabin’s Dictionary, when completed, it may supply the deficiency; but in the mean time the articles “Baltimore” and “Maryland” can be consulted. Of the local works references may be made to a few: George A. Hanson’s Old Kent, 1876, is largely genealogical, and not lucidly arranged. T. W. Griffith published in 1821 his Sketches of the Early History of Maryland, and in 1841 his Annals of Baltimore. J. T. Scharf published his Chronicles of Baltimore in 1874. David Ridgely published in 1841 his Annals of Annapolis (1649-1872). Rev. Ethan Allen’s Historical Notes of St. Ann’s Parish (1649-1857), appeared in 1857; and George Johnstone’s History of Cecil County in 1881.—Ed.]
[903] [Mr. Kennedy’s reply appeared in the United States Catholic Magazine, and Mr. Michael Courtney Jenkins printed a rejoinder in the same number.—Ed.]
[904] [Mr. Gladstone was answered by Dr. Richard H. Clarke, in the Catholic World, December, 1875, in a paper which was later issued as a pamphlet, with the title, Mr. Gladstone and Maryland Toleration. Mr. Gladstone had reissued his Vaticanism essays with a preface, styling the book, Rome and the Newest Fashions in Religion, in which he reiterated his arguments.
It is perhaps largely owing to the deficiency of early personal narratives bearing upon Maryland history and throwing light upon character, that there is so much diversity of opinion regarding the interpretation to be put on the charter as an instrument inculcating toleration. The shades of dissent, too, are marked. Hildreth, History of the United States, says, “There is not the least hint of any toleration in religion not authorized by the law of England.” Henry Cabot Lodge, Short History of the English Colonies, p. 96, says, “There is no toleration about the Maryland charter.” Some light regarding Calvert, on the side of doubt, may be gathered from Gardiner’s Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage.
In Baltimore’s controversy with Clayborne, the side of the latter has been espoused by Mr. Streeter in his Life and Colonial Times of William Claiborne, which he has left in manuscript, and of which an abstract of the part relating to Clayborne’s Rebellion is given by Mr. S. M. Allen in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, April, 1873. Mr. Streeter was of New England origin, a graduate of Harvard (1831), and had removed to Richmond in 1835, and to Baltimore the following year, where he had been one of the founders, and was long the Recording Secretary of the Maryland Historical Society. He contributed also in 1868 to its Fund Publication (No. 2), The First Commander of Kent Island,—an account of George Evelin, under whose administration the island passed into Calvert’s control. This tract has been reprinted in G. D. Scull’s Evelyns in America, privately printed at Oxford (England), 1881. Streeter’s “Fall of the Susquehannocks,” a chapter of Maryland’s Indian history, 1675, appeared in the Historical Magazine, March, 1857, being an extract only from a voluminous manuscript work by him on the Susquehannocks.—Ed.]
[905] [Lewis Mayer published an account of its library, cabinets, and gallery in 1854; and No. 1 of its Fund Publications is Brantz Mayer’s History, Possessions, and Prospects of the Society, 1867.—Ed.]