[375] [Champlain’s explorations along the coast of Maine are given by himself in his 1613 edition, and are specially set forth in Mr. Slafter’s memoir in Voyages, vol. i., and by General John M. Brown in his “Coasting Voyages in the Gulf of Maine, 1604-1606,” in the Maine Historical Collections, vol. vii.,—a paper which was also issued separately. Champlain’s account of Norumbega is also translated in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., i. 321, 332.—Ed.]
[376] [De Costa, Coast of Maine (1869), p. 182, claims that in one of these expeditions Champlain discovered the Isle of Shoals, antedating John Smith’s discovery. See also Champlain’s Voyages, Prince Society’s ed., ii. 69, 70, and notes 142 and 144.—Ed.]
[377] [See Vol. III. chap. vi.—Ed.]
[378] [See chaps. i. and ii. of the present volume.—Ed.]
[379] [For the various theories regarding the origin of the name Quebec,—whether it is derived from a Norman title, as Hawkins maintained; or from an exclamation of the first beholders of the promontory, “Quel bec!” or from the Algonquin,—see Hawkins, Picture of Quebec; Brasseur de Bourbourg, Histoire du Canada; Ferland, Histoire du Canada; Garneau’s Canada, 4th ed., i. 57; Bell’s translation of Garneau’s Canada, i. 61; Warburton’s Conquest of Canada, i. 62; Shea’s edition of Charlevoix, i. 260.—Ed.]
[380] [Charlevoix gives a map of Lake Champlain, illustrating Champlain’s campaign of this year against the Iroquois. Cf. Brodhead’s New York, i. 18, and P. S. Palmer’s History of Lake Champlain (1866).—Ed.]
[381] [It was while crossing one of these portages, “suffering more from the mosquitoes than their burdens,” that Champlain is supposed to have lost his astrolabe; and his Journal shows that his subsequent records of latitude in the journey failed of the general accuracy which characterized his earlier entries. At least an astrolabe, with an inscription of its Paris make, 1603, was dug up on this route in August, 1867. Cf. O. H. Marshall, in Magazine of American History (March, 1879), iii. 179, and Alexander J. Russell’s On Champlain’s Astrolabe, Montreal, 1879; also Slafter’s edition of Champlain’s Voyages, iii. 64-66.—Ed.]
[382] [The cellar of the Château St. Louis, the structure originally built by Champlain, still remains. The subsequent history of the pile is traced in Parkman’s Old Régime, p. 419. Cf. Le Moine’s Picturesque Quebec (1882). Shea, in his Le Clercq, p. 115, has a note on Louis Hebert, the earliest settler of Quebec with a family, who died in 1627. An account is given of some bronze cannon, relics of Champlain’s time, in the Quebec Literary and Historical Society’s Transactions, ii. 198.—Ed.]
[383] [The Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, March 29, 1632, by which restorations were made to the French, will be found in Recueil de Traités de Paix, Leonard, Paris, 1692, vol. v. The contemporary quarto print of the treaty, printed at St. Germain, is of such rarity that Leclerc, Bibliotheca Americana, no. 794, prices a copy at five hundred francs. See Harrisse, no. 47, who refers for the causes of the long delay in making this restitution, to Le Clercq, Établissement de la Foy, i. 419; Faillon, Hist. de la Col. Française, i. 256. Compare also the notes in Shea’s Charlevoix, vol. ii. For the occupancy, see Harrisse, no. 48; also Mr. Slafter’s memoir in Champlain’s Voyages, i. 176, 177; and Sir William Alexander and American Colonization, Prince Society edition, pp. 66-72.
There are papers relating to the English claim to Canada urged at this time (1630-1632) among the Egerton manuscripts,—see British Museum Catalogue, no. 2,395, folios 20-26.—Ed.]