[41] The language used in the text is fully justified by the accounts referred to. Students of Indian habits dispute the despotism of the Suns, and allege that the hereditary aristocracy does not differ materially from what may be found in other tribes. See Lucien Carr’s paper on “The Mounds of the Mississippi Valley historically considered,” extracted from Memoirs of the Kentucky Geological Survey, ii. 36, note. See also his “The Social and Political Position of Woman among the Huron Iroquois Tribes,” in the Report of Peabody Museum, iii. 207, et seq.
[42] Pontchartrain to Callières and Champigny, June 4, 1701, in Margry, v. 351. Charlevoix speaks of Saint-Denys, who made the trip to Mexico, as Juchereau de Saint-Denys. Dr. Shea, in the note, p. 12, vol. vi. of his Charlevoix, identifies Saint-Denys as Louis Juchereau de Saint-Denys. The founder of the settlement on the “Ouabache” signed the same name to the Memorial in Margry, v. 350. The author of Nos gloires nationales asserts (vol. i. p. 207 of his work) that it was Barbe Juchereau who was sent to Mexico. Spanish accounts speak of the one in Mexico as Louis. Charlevoix says he was the uncle of Iberville’s wife. Iberville married Marie-Thérèse Pollet, granddaughter of Nicolas Juchereau, Seigneur of Beauport and St. Denis (see Tanguay). This Nicolas Juchereau had a son Louis, who was born Sept. 18, 1676. Martin says the two Juchereaus were relatives.
[43] The establishment was apparently made on the Ouabache (Ohio), Journal historique, etc., pp. 75-89. Iberville, writing at Rochelle, Feb. 15, 1703, says “he will go to the ‘Ouabache,’” in letter of Iberville to Minister (Margry, iv. 631). Penicaut speaks of it as on the Ouabache (Margry, v. 426-438).
[44] Journal historique, etc., p. 106. Charlevoix (vol. ii. liv. xxi. p. 415) says: “It could not be said that there was a colony in Louisiana—or at any rate it did not begin to shape itself—until after the arrival of M. Diron d’Artaguette with an appointment as commissaire-ordonnateur.”
[45] Journal historique, etc., p. 129, and Le Page du Pratz, i. 15, 16. Saint-Denys was evidently duped by the Spaniards. Crozat was anxious for trade. Saint-Denys arranged matters with the authorities at Mexico, and joined in the expedition which established Spanish missions in the “province of Lastekas.” In these missions he saw only hopes of trade; but the title to the province was saved to Spain by them, and no trade was ever permitted.
[46] The following itinerary of this expedition is copied, through the favor of Mr. Theodore F. Dwight, from a rough memorandum in the handwriting of Thomas Jefferson,—which memorandum is now in the Department of State at Washington.
“Oct. 25. Graveline and the other arrived at Rio Bravos at Ayeches, composed of 10 cabbins, they found a Span. Mission of 2 Peres Recollets, 3 souldiers and a woman; at Nacodoches they found 4 Recollets, with a Frere, 2 souldiers and a Span. woman; at Assinays or Cenis 2 Peres Recollets, 1 souldier, 1 Span. woman. The presidio which had been 17 leagues further off now came and established itself at 7 leagues from the Assinayes; it was composed of a Captn, ensign and 25 souldiers. They reached the presidio 2 leagues W. of the Rio Bravo where there was a Capt. Lieut. and 30 souldiers Span. and 2 missions of St. Jean Baptiste and St. Bernard. All the goods of St. Denys were seized and in the end lost. On the return of Graveline and the others they found a Span. Mission at Adayes, founded Jan. 29, 1717.”
[47] The livre is substantially the same as the franc, and by some writers the words are used interchangeably.
[48] There were outstanding, when the bank collapsed, notes of the nominal value of 1,169,072,540 livres. Statements of the amounts in hand, of those which had been burned, etc., showed that there had been emitted more than 3,000,000,000 livres (Forbonnais, ii. 633).
[49] This is exclusive of an issue of 24,000 shares by the Regent. The par value of the 600,000 shares was 300,000,000 livres; but the value represented by them on the basis of the premiums at which they were respectively issued, amounted to 1,677,500,000 livres.