[776] Most elaborate of such is R. H. Stiles's Hist. of Brooklyn (p. 242). Cf. Thompson's Long Island; Strong's Flatbush; Henry Onderdonk, Jr.'s Kings County. Letters of Onderdonk to Sparks in 1844, on the battle, are in the Sparks MSS., no. xlviii. There is a paper by the Rev. J. W. Chadwick, of Brooklyn, in Harper's Mag., liii. p. 333. Cf. Hollister's Connecticut, ii. ch. 11. A personal narrative of Thomas Richards, a Connecticut soldier, is in United Service (Aug., 1884), xii. 216.
[777] The earliest special treatment is Samuel Ward in Battle of Long Island (1839; also see Knickerbocker Mag., xiii. 279). Field's monograph makes vol. ii. of the Memoirs of the Long Island Hist. Soc., and nearly half the volume is an appendix of documents. The Campaign of 1776 round New York and Brooklyn (Brooklyn, 1878), by Henry P. Johnston, makes vol. iii. of the same series, and chapter 4 is given to the subject, and his narrative is well fortified by documentary proofs. In placing the responsibility of the defeat, he takes issue (p. 192) with Bancroft, Field, and Dawson, who charge it upon Putnam. Dawson (Battles, i. 143) gives numerous references. Carrington's Battles of the Amer. Rev. (ch. 31 and 32).
[778] Annual Reg., xix. ch. 5; Parliamentary Reg., xiii.; The Impartial Hist. of the late War; Andrews's Late War, ch. 21; Stedman's Amer. War, ch. 6; Bissett's Reign of George III., i. 401, also speaks of the retreat as "masterly;" Knight's Pop. Hist. England, cited in Field, 447, and Mahon's.
[779] John Adams's Works, ix. 438; letters of Franklin and Morris to Silas Deane, Oct. 1, 1776, noted in Calendar of Lee MSS., p. 7; Stuart's Jona. Trumbull; Sedgwick's Wm. Livingston, 201; Donne's Corresp. of George III. and Lord North, vol. ii.; Rockingham and his Contemp., ii. 297; Russell's Life of Fox, and Memorials and Corresp. of Fox, i. 145; Walpole's Last Journals, ii. 70.
[780] This map of Hill's is reproduced in Valentine's Manual, 1857, and in Dunlap's New York (vol. ii.).
[781] Campaign of 1776, p. 84.
[782] Letters from America, p. 429.
[783] Smith tells us that in 1766 a line of palisades, with block-houses, still stretched across New York Island, near the line of the present Chambers St., which had been built in the French war, at a cost of about £8,000. Crèvecœur described the town in 1772, and his description is translated in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., ii. 748. Cf. Dawson's account in his New York during the Revolution. There are various views of the town during the revolutionary period. One from the southeast and another from the southwest, by P. Canot, 1768, are reëngraved in Hough's translation of Pouchot (ii. 85, 88). Cf. Doc. Hist. N. Y., octavo, ii. 43. There are others in the travels of Sandby and Kalm. See Moore's Diary of the Amer. Rev., p. 311; Valentine's Manual, 1852, p. 176; Appleton's Journal, xii. 464. A view of New York as seen from the bay, found among Lord Rawdon's papers, is given in Harper's Mag., xlvii. p. 23. Gaine's N. Y. Pocket Almanac, 1772, has "Prospect of the City of N. Y." A bird's-eye view of the island, as seen from above Fort Washington in 1781, is in Valentine's Manual, 1854. This last publication contains various views of revolutionary landmarks, a of Hellgate (1850,—cf. London Mag., April, 1778); the Battery and Bowling Green (1858, p. 633); the City Hall (1856, p. 32; 1866, p. 547); the Beekman house, headquarters of Sir William Howe in Sept., 1776 (1861, p. 496,—see also Gay, Pop. Hist. U. S., iii. 503); the Rutgers mansion (1858, p. 607); Lord Stirling's house (1854, p. 410); Alexander Hamilton's house (1858, p. 468). Knyphausen's quarters in Wall St. are shown in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., June, 1883, p. 409.
[784] Gordon shows this. Cf. Putnam's letter to Trumbull, Sept. 12, 1776.
[785] Correspondence of the Provincial Congress of N. Y.; Sparks's Washington, iv.; Memoirs of Chas. Lee; Dawson's N. Y. during the Rev., p. 82; Booth's New York, p. 493; Irving's Washington, ii. ch. 33; Johnston's Campaign of 1776, ch. 5; Carrington's Battles, ch. 33, and his paper in Bay State Monthly, March, 1884. An American orderly-book, Sept. 1-13, is among the Northumberland Papers, Alnwick Castle (Third Rept. Hist. MSS. Commission, p. 124). A copy of George Clinton's reasons against evacuating is in the Sparks MSS., no. xlix., vol. i. p. 10. Bancroft (ix. 175; final revision, v. 69) shows how Stedman and W. B. Reed are in error in supposing that Lee's counsels prevailed in ordering a retreat.