Sauthier's plan is included in The American Atlas, no. 23, and in Stedman (i. 210). Three MS. plans of the attack on Fort Washington, one of them surveyed by Sauthier on the day of the attack by order of Lord Percy, are among the Faden maps (nos. 59, 60, 61) in the library of Congress. The engraved map is reproduced in The Evelyns in America (p. 318), in Valentine's Manual, 1859, p. 120 (see 1861, p. 429), and in the Calendar of Hist. MSS. relative to the War of the Revolution (Albany, 1868), i. 532.
There is in the Geschichte der Kriege in und ausser Europa, Nuremberg, 1777, Sechster Theil, a folding plan of the operations on New York Island in the autumn of 1776, showing the attack on Fort Washington, "nun das Fort Knyphausen genannt" (see also "Achter Theil"). A German plan belonging to Mr. J. C. Brevoort, after an original preserved in Cassel, is given in the Mag. of Amer. Hist., Feb., 1877.
The leading American later accounts give eclectic plans,—Sparks's Washington, iv. 96, 160; Guizot's Washington; Carrington's Battles, p. 254,—but they include all the movements in the north part of the island. Cf. also Lossing's Field-Book, ii. 816, and Grant's British Battles, ii. 147.
A drawing found among Lord Rawdon's papers, representing the landing of the British forces under Cornwallis, Nov. 20, 1776, on the Jersey side of the Hudson, after the fall of Fort Washington, is given in Harper's Mag., xlvii. p. 25.
[797] Original sources: Documents in 5 Force, iii.; Washington to Congress in Sparks, iv. 178, and Dawson, i. 193; letters of Samuel Chase, Nov. 21-23, in the Sparks MSS., ix.; letter in Hist. Mag., March, 1874, p. 180; newspaper accounts in Moore's Diary, 345, 348; Graydon's Memoirs, 197; Heath's Memoirs, 86; Gordon's Amer. Rev., ii. 350; N. Hampshire State Papers, viii. 408. On the British side, Howe's despatch to Germain is in Dawson, i. 194; Lowell, in his Hessians, p. 80, uses German diaries (cf. Eelking's Hülfstruppen, i. 84).
Later accounts: Bancroft, orig. ed., ix. ch. 11; final revision, v. ch. 5; Johnston, 276; Carrington, ch. 37; Dawson, i. 188; Lossing's Field-Book, ii.; Gay, iii. 517.
G. W. Greene, in his Life of Gen. Greene, as it was the first military mistake of that officer, is at pains to treat the history of the siege at considerable length, enlarging upon antecedent events (i. ch. 10 and 11). Greene had urgently claimed that it was advisable to attempt to hold the fort, and letters giving his reasons are in Sparks's Corresp. of the Rev., i. 297, and Drake's Knox, 33. G. W. Greene holds that Gen. Greene had a right to expect a better defence, and championed his ancestor in a tract against the criticisms of Bancroft (Greene's Greene, ii. 431, 470), who put the responsibility of the disaster upon Green's persistent refusal to evacuate the fort. This Bancroft maintains in his original edition, and in his final revision, where, however, he recognizes, but does not deem essential to the British success, the treachery of Magaw's adjutant, William Demont. There had been an intimation in Graydon's Memoirs that Howe had been helped by some kind of faithlessness in the American ranks. In February, 1877, in the Mag. of Amer. Hist. (i. 65, 756), Mr. E. F. De Lancey first made public a letter of Demont written in 1792, in which he acknowledged having carried the plans of the fort to Percy, "by which the fortress was taken", and this information is thought to have induced Howe to make his sudden withdrawal from Washington's front at White Plains. De Lancey's paper was published separately as Capture of Mount Washington, 1776, the result of treason (New York, 1777), and he repeated the story in the notes (i. p. 626) to Jones's N. Y. during the Rev. War. Johnston (p. 283) doubts if this treachery was decisive of the result. Cf. further in lives of Washington by Marshall and Irving (ii. ch. 38, 40); Reed's Joseph Reed (i. ch. 13); and a paper by W. H. Rawle on the part taken by Col. Lambert Cadwalader, in the Penna. Mag. of Hist., April, 1886, p. 11. There is a portrait of Cadwalader in the Penna. Archives, vol. x. A letter (Dec. 23, 1778) of Robert Magaw on the surrender of Fort Washington is in the Sparks MSS., no. xlix. vol. iii. Cf. the account of Magaw in the Mag. of Western History, September, 1886, p. 678.
[798] Sparks, iv. 186; Greene's Greene, ch. 12. Cf. on Fort Lee Appleton's Journal, vi. 645, 660, 673, 688. Cf. the present volume, ch. v.
[799] There is a fac-simile of it in Valentine's Manual, 1864, p. 668. A German map is given in the Geschichte der Kriege in und ausser Europa (Nuremberg, 1776).
[800] A map was annexed to Israel Mauduit's criticism on Howe's conduct of this campaign, Three letters to Lt.-Gen. Sir Wm. Howe (London, 1781). Marshall gives maps in both the large and small atlases accompanying his Life of Washington. A MS. plan is in the Heath Papers (i. 224) in Mass. Hist. Soc. library.