[842] Hiland Hall's paper on Warner's share in the battle of Bennington is reprinted from the Vermont Quarterly Mag. (1861, p. 156), in the Vermont Hist. Coll. (i. p. 209). Cf. Hist. Mag. (vol. iv., Sept., 1860, p. 268), and Chipman's Life of Warner.
[843] Albert Tyler's Bennington: the Battles, 1777. Centennial celebration, 1877 (Worcester, 1878).
Centennial anniversary of the independence of the state of Vermont and the battle of Bennington, Aug. 15 and 16, 1877. Westminster—Hubbardton—Windsor (Rutland, 1879). This volume contains an oration by S. C. Bartlett and an historical paper by Hiland Hall, with engraved portraits of some of the chief participants.
F. W. Coburn's Centennial Hist. of the Battle of Bennington (Boston, 1877).
A Bennington Historical Society was formed in 1876.
[844] The original of this, a carefully drawn MS. map of "the position of Col. Baum, 16th Aug., 1776, with the attack of the enemy at Walmscook near Bennington, by Lieut. Durnford, engineer", is among the Faden maps (no. 65). This Faden map is reproduced in Jenning's Memorials of a Century (Boston, 1869), and sketches of it will be found, with views of the field, in Lossing's Field-Book of the Revolution (i. 395, 396); Gay's Pop. Hist. U. S. (iii. 583); Harper's Monthly (xxi. 325). Carrington says the map of Baum's march in Harper's Mag., October, 1877, is incorrect. Stone, Campaign of Burgoyne (p. 35), gives a view of the house in which Baum died.
[845] Cf. Lossing's Schuyler (ii. 299); Wells's Sam. Adams (ii. ch. 45); Sparks's Washington (iii. 535; v. p. 14), his Correspondence of the Rev. (i. 427), and his Gouverneur Morris (i. 138).
[846] Cf. Amer. Hist. Record, April, 1873; Hamilton's Repub. of the United States (i. 306). There is a view of the army headquarters at Troy (1777) in Weise's Troy, 1876, p. 17; and of the Dirck Swart house, still standing (used by Schuyler as headquarters), in the Mag. of Amer. History (vii. 226, etc.). The house subsequently used by Gates has disappeared.
[847] Cf. also Kidder's First N. H. Regiment (p. 35). Other narratives are in Lossing's Schuyler (ii. ch. 19) and his Field-Book (i. 51); in Graham's Morgan (ch.7-9); in Arnold's Arnold (ch. 9); Headley's Washington and his Generals; Dawson's Battles (i. ch. 25); Carrington's Battles of the Rev. (ch. 46); Lowell's Hessians (p. 151); and the memoirs of Riedesel; and on the English side Burgoyne's State of the Expedition, and Fonblanque's Burgoyne. The Smith or Taylor house, in which Fraser died, is depicted in Stone's Campaign of Burgoyne (p. 72), and as to a story about the removal of his remains, see Ibid., App. 6. Robert Lowell read a poem, "Burgoyne's last march", at the centennial of this action.
[848] The accounts of the day, as Marshall says, give him the command, and in his Life of Washington, first edition, that writer so states it. Wilkinson, who was with Gates two miles from the fight, said in his Memoirs that there was no general officer on the field; and this led Marshall in his second edition to leave the question open. A letter of R. R. Livingston, Jan. 14, 1778, to Washington (Correspondence of the Revolution, ii. 551) is capable of counter conclusions on this point; and Mr. Bancroft (orig. ed., ix. 410) who holds that Arnold was not engaged during the day, judges that a letter of Colonel Richard Varick to General Schuyler, written on the day of battle, supports that view. Bancroft's opinion is maintained by J. A. Stevens in his paper "Benedict Arnold and his apologists", in the Mag. of Amer. Hist. (March, 1880). That the victory was won largely by Arnold's personal exertions is the opinion of nearly every other writer, and they find in the letters of Livingston and Varick as much to sustain their view as Bancroft does to support his. Wilkinson writes to St. Clair: "Gen. Arnold was not out of camp during the whole action" (St. Clair Papers, i. 89, 443). The evidences in rebuttal of Wilkinson, who is the only positive witness on the negative side, are numerous, and have been best arrayed by Isaac N. Arnold in his Life of Arnold (p. 175), and in the paper "Benedict Arnold at Saratoga" (United Service Mag., Sept., 1880; also printed separately), in which he added much new testimony, gathered after he had published his Life of Arnold. This consists of the statements in The Revolutionary Services of General Wm. Hull (N. Y., 1848); in a MS. account by Ebenezer Wakefield, who was in Dearborn's light infantry, and written after Wilkinson, whom he controverts, had published his Memoirs; in the narratives of the Germans Von Eelking and Riedesel. Moore (Diary of the Revolution, p. 498) cites a letter of Enoch Poor, which seems to allow Arnold's share in the battle. Later still the diary of a chaplain of the army has been published, Chaplain Smith and the Baptists, and this says distinctly (p. 209) that Arnold commanded. Mr. R. A. Guild, the editor of that book, collates the evidence on this point. Washington Irving, Lossing, Sydney H. Gay, William L. Stone,—not to name others,—have contended for Arnold's participancy in the day's doings. Lecky (iv. 67) expresses himself satisfied with the proofs adduced by I. N. Arnold. Cf. Rogers in Hadden's Journal, p. 27.