[1543] See C. F. Post's first visit to the Western Indians by T. J. Chapman, in Mag. of Western Hist., iii. 123. For the general subject of the Moravian missions in Ohio, see Loskiel, Memoirs of the United Brethren, Part II.; Heckewelder, Narrative, pp. 213-328; Holmes, Missions of the United Brethren, p. 110; Schweinitz, Life of Zeisberger, pp. 368-590; Rondthaler, Life of Heckewelder, p. 66; Gnadenhütten, by W. D. Howells, in Atlantic Monthly, xxiii. 95; Withers, p. 230; Doddridge, p. 248; Monette, ii. 129; Amer. Pioneer, ii. 425; Perkins, Annals, p. 258. Cf. also the Diary of David Zeisberger, a Moravian missionary among the Indians of Ohio (1781-1798); translated from the original German manuscript and edited by E. F. Bliss, 2 vols. (Cincinnati, 1885).
[1544] Col. Crawford was a friend of Washington, and had been one of his surveyors. "It is with the greatest sorrow", wrote Washington, "that I have learned the melancholy tidings of Col. Crawford's death. He was known to me as an officer of much prudence, brave, experienced, and active. The manner of his death was shocking to me, and I have this day communicated to Congress such papers as I have regarding it." Cf. C. W. Butterfield's Washington-Crawford letters, 1767-1781 (Cincinnati, 1877,—Thomson's Bibliog. of Ohio, no. 147).
[1545] See Narratives of the perils and sufferings of Dr. Knight and John Slover, among the Indians, during the Revolutionary war; with short memoirs of Col. Crawford and John Slover, and a letter from H. Brackinridge, on the rights of the Indians, etc. (Cincinnati, 1867), pp. 12-31; (for earlier editions see Thomson's Bibliog. of Ohio, nos. 682-685;) Perkins's Annals, p. 262; Doddridge, p. 264; Withers, p. 242; "Crawford's Campaign", by N. N. Hill, Jr., in the Mag. of West. Hist., ii. 19; McClung's Sketches, p. 128. Schweinitz's Zeisberger, p. 564; Amer. Pioneer, ii. 177; Hist. Mag., xxi. 207; Isaac Smucker's "Ohio Pioneer History" in Ohio Sec. of State's Annual Report, 1879, pp. 7-28. Cf. also C. W. Butterfield's Hist. Acc. of the Exped. against Sandusky (Cincinnati, 1873,—Thomson's Bibliog. of Ohio, no. 146); and, on the general military transactions of this period in the West, the same editor's Washington-Irvine correspondence. The official letters which passed between Washington and William Irvine and between Irvine and others concerning military affairs in the West from 1781 to 1783. Arranged and annotated. With an introduction containing an outline of events occurring previously in the trans-Alleghany country (Madison, Wis., 1882). Cf. Penna. Mag. of Hist., vi. 371. Sparks made copies of many of these Irvine papers in 1847 (Sparks MSS., no. liv.).—Ed.
[1546] For a summary of these discussions, see Perkins, Annals (Peck's ed., 1850), pp. 242-250. Judge Hall, Sketches of the West, i. 171, gives the date "May 6, 1778"; Wilson Primm, Historical Address, 1847 (reprinted in Western Journal, 1849, ii. 71), gives "May, 1779", as the date, and says 1779 is an era in the history of St. Louis, and is designated as "L'Année du coup." Nicollet, Early St. Louis, gives "May, 6, 1780", and Martin, Louisiana, "the fall of 1780." Stoddard, Sketches of Louisiana, without naming the month and day, gives the year and the main facts correctly; but errs in stating that "the expedition was not sanctioned by the English court, and the private property of the commandant was seized to pay the expenses of it." As to the casualties, Stoddard (p. 80) says, "60 killed and 30 prisoners;" Nicollet (p. 85), "60 killed and 13 prisoners;" Primm, "20 killed;" and Billon, Annals of St. Louis, 1886 (p. 196), "seven persons were killed", and he furnishes a list of their names. Sinclair, in report to Haldimand, July 8, 1780, says: "At Pencour [St. Louis], 68 were killed, and 18 blacks and white people taken prisoners; 43 scalps were brought in. The rebels lost an officer and three men killed at the Cahokias, and five prisoners" (Mich. Pion. Col., ix. 559). Martin (ii. 53) says "Clark released about 50 prisoners that had been made."
[1547] Brymner's Calendar of the Canadian Archives, including (1) the Haldimand collection; (2) the publication of some of the Haldimand papers in Michigan Pioneer Collec., ix.; and (3) the Calendar of Virginia State Papers, Richmond, v. i., vi.
[1548] In March, 1766, Ulloa, from Havana, landed at New Orleans, and in the name of Spain took possession of Louisiana; but found himself obliged to administer the government under the old French officers, and in 1768 the French set up for a while a republic independent of Spain. Cf. Gayarré's Louisiana, and Lieutenant John Thomas's account of Louisiana in 1768 in Hist. Mag., v. 65.
Congress maintained an agent, Oliver Pollock, at New Orleans during the war, who, with the aid of the Spanish authorities, sent powder and supplies at intervals up the river, to be landed on the Ohio (George Sumner's Boston Oration, 1859, p. 14). The correspondence of Pollock and Congress is in the archives of the State Department at Washington, and copies are in the Sparks MSS., no. xli. An account of an expedition under Col. David Rogers in 1778, to bring up stores to Fort Pitt, is in Hist Mag., iii. 267.
Various letters about and from New Orleans during the war are in the Sparks MSS. (no. xxiii.), copied from the Grantham correspondence. Intercepted letters between the Spanish governor at New Orleans and Patrick Henry (1778-1779), found among the Carleton papers, are in the Sparks MSS., no. xiii.—Ed.
[1549] Gayarré, History of Louisiana, Spanish Domination, p. 121.
[1550] Brymner, 1885, p. 276.