I see no particular reason why that crop cannot be increased ten, twenty or a hundred fold by just a stimulation of interest in the black walnut. I recall back just previous to World War I, or about that time, there was a tremendous demand, as usual, for black walnut for gun stocks. I happened to be free for a month or so at that time so I could give some attention to the purchasing and delivery of both veneer stock and walnut for gun stocks. It was quite interesting to me as I went over a couple of counties in which I made some purchases, to see that someone in the 40, 50 or 60 years back had had a vision of what the walnut tree would be worth to them on their tracts of land and how we were at that time reaping the harvest of the person who had a vision of the value of the walnut tree. A great many of those trees were trees that had been set or walnuts that had been planted years before by some far-seeing person, and it had gone on without any interruption, probably without the slightest bit of protection, until the time that it was needed and desperately needed for economic purposes.

We have some work going on also in connection with the planting of walnuts in pasture fields. The returns from the pasture in the planting of walnut trees have been just practically the same, maybe a little bit better in favor of the walnuts than where we did not have walnuts in the pasture. This work is being conducted down at the Middle Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Tennessee at Columbia. We are using the walnut tree and also the black locust in this experiment. We don't know what the future of it is going to be, but those walnut trees have grown large enough so that they have had to be thinned to keep them from putting too much shade over the ground.

I made a statement several years ago in the presence of quite a distinguished agronomist or horticulturist that I had never seen a walnut tree growing in the open, whether it was in the blue grass region or outside of a blue grass region that did not have blue grass growing under it. He looked at me askance, and I said, "Do you believe it?" "Well, I don't know," he answered.

So we happened to be coming out of Quincy, Florida, up through southern Georgia outside of the blue grass region, and we were both sitting in the back seat of the car. Our driver drove up to a filling station, and I saw this fellow looked up at a walnut tree over in the yard not very far away, in fact, the next yard to the filling station. I somehow or other sensed what he was thinking. He pushed his door open, got out. I pushed my door open, went around the car and followed him. He walked up to that walnut tree, turned around and said, "Well, it's there." He turned around and walked back.

Now, of course, a condition may prevail in dense shade, where that does not happen in young walnut trees, but I just happened to be right. There is a symbiotic relationship between plants—I don't want to get into that subject—but this one thing I am thinking, and that is that the reason why they were able to get this good grazing from under these walnut trees is that there is a relationship there between those two plants that makes it ideal for the production of pasture grass, and blue grass over a great many of our states is our leading grass.

I might say to the gentleman from Virginia that I had a letter from up there a few days ago. I don't know why they wanted to write to me, wanting to know if the walnut tree was a legume. So I presume that that was the reason, that the grass grew very nicely under those trees.

I have taken too much of your valuable time. It certainly has been a pleasure and an honor to be here and talk to you these few minutes. Thank you.

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President Davidson: Thank you, Mr. Chance. We will take a short recess.

(Recess taken.)