(Next slide.) This slide is one taken when the maggots were almost mature, showing the type of damage that you get.
(Next slide.) This is the resting stage, or the pupa, the one which spends the winter in the soil and from which the flies emerge in New York, at least in our section, beginning about July 15th and going through up until August 15th.
(Next slide.) The one at the top is normal fruit. I mentioned a while ago that this butternut curculio causes quite a bit of concern and also spoke about its being in terminals. If you look carefully you see a very definite hole here in the husk. That is where the adult punctured the husk. It may have been a feeding puncture first and later an egg was laid inside, and then you get the maggot or the grub of the curculio developing in there, so that superficially that discoloration looks very much like the walnut husk maggot. But in this case you may not find over one or two maggots in a nut. And the other difference is that these fruits which are attacked usually fall during July and August, whereas the ones that have maggots in, many of them stick right on the trees and don't come off at all.
(Next slide.) I have two or three slides just showing the variations in the degree of injury on English walnuts from the point where you'd have an egg puncture. The puncture was made on the other side of the nut, on top here, and this is just the exudate running down around the nut which dries and becomes black. But these walnuts up above show just a lot of dark spots where the maggots are beginning to find their way through the husk. I have with me some injured nuts similar to those shown on the screen if you'd like to see them when I have finished my talk. They will give you a little idea what maggot injury looks like.
(Next slide.) This is the same type of injury on butternut. Maybe you'd have one egg puncture and as many as a hundred or 120 maggots inside the shuck.
(Next slide.) This is a picture of maggot injury on black walnut. They don't seem to like the black walnuts as well as they do the Persian walnut and butternut.
(Next slide.) This is one of the hybrid English walnuts that is located on the grounds at the Geneva Experiment Station. It's quite a large tree. I don't know the name of it. Maybe you do, George.
MR. SLATE: It has no name.
DR. GAMBRELL: It's not very fruitful, anyway, is it? But it is also susceptible to injury.
(Next slide.) This photograph was made quite a few years ago, and that explains some of the lines around it, but at any rate, this pile of nuts shows the damaged ones that came from one tree, and also the ones that were not infested. In other words, about two-thirds of the nuts on that particular tree had been infested with maggots.