[6] See [Appendix IV., p. 333].
[7] See Routes which cross the Euphrates and Tigris, [Appendix XIV.]
[8] See Importance of Syria from a Military Point of View, [Appendix XV.]
[9] See Mr. Taylor's Report to the British Government on this matter, [Appendix XXII., p. 363].
[10] A small coin, but often used as a general term to express money.
[11] Fortunately for the Turks in the present war, the Russian cavalry has so far proved itself very inefficient.
[12] This actually happened in the first engagements in the neighbourhood of Deli Baba.
[13] Since my stay at Erzeroum, the defences of that city have been strengthened.
[14] Major-General Macintosh, writing in 1854 on the subject, remarks that "in their desire to win over the Kurds, the Russian authorities proceeded so far, that on the pretext that they were a migratory people, they claimed a right for them to cross the frontier for the purpose of grazing their cattle; and that even in Turkey they should still be looked upon as Russian subjects, and have no imports to pay on that side." He continues, "I have no doubt it is the interest of Russia that the Kurds should to a certain degree be weakened and scattered, though it has been her crafty policy, while urging or encouraging Turkey in this course (referring to attacks upon Kurds), to pretend to be their champion and friend. She has pursued a similar course among the Turkomans to the eastward of the Caspian; and when in a contiguous part of Asia I heard of dresses of honour having been given to the chiefs, at the same time that the Shah of Persia was encouraged to attack them from the south. The more these various tribes of barbarians weaken themselves by their incessant conflicts, the more they are paving the way for the dominion of such a power as Russia."
[15] Subsequent events have proved how right General Kohlmann was in his opinion.