The output (1880-1916) of the chief coal-producing countries of the world is shown graphically in [Figure 3].

Table 4.—The World’s Production of Coal (in Short Tons)

Country1911191219131914
United States496,371,126 534,466,580 569,960,219 513,525,477
Great Britain304,518,927 291,666,299 321,922,130 297,698,617
Germany259,223,763 281,979,467 305,714,664 270,594,952
Austria-Hungary54,960,298 56,954,579 59,647,957
France43,242,778 45,534,448 45,108,544
Russia29,361,764 33,775,754 35,500,674
Belgium25,411,917 25,322,851 25,196,869
Japan19,436,536 21,648,902 23,988,292 21,700,572
India13,494,573 16,471,100 18,163,856
China16,534,500 16,534,500 15,432,200[5]
Canada11,323,388 14,512,829 15,115,089 13,597,982
New South Wales9,374,596 10,897,134 11,663,865 11,644,476
Transvaal4,343,680 8,119,288[6]5,225,036
Spain4,316,245 4,559,453 4,731,647
Natal2,679,551 See [note 6] 2,898,726
New Zealand2,315,390 2,438,929 2,115,834
Holland1,628,097 1,901,902 2,064,608
Chile1,277,191 1,470,917 1,362,334
Queensland998,556 1,010,426 1,162,497 1,180,825
Mexico1,400,000[5]982,396
Bosnia and Herzegovina848,510 940,174 927,244
Turkey799,168 909,293
Italy614,132 731,720 772,802
Victoria732,328 664,334 668,524
Orange Free State (Orange River Colony)482,690 609,973
Dutch East Indies600,000[5]622,669 453,136
Indo-China460,000[5]471,259
Serbia335,495 335,000
Sweden343,707 397,149 401,199
Western Australia300,000[5]330,488 351,687
Peru300,000[5]307,461 301,970
Formosa280,999 306,941
Bulgaria270,410 324,511
Rhodesia212,529 216,140 237,728
Roumania266,784
Cape Colony (Cape of Good Hope)89,023 See [note 6] 67,481
Korea138,508
Tasmania70,000[5]59,987 61,648 68,130
British Borneo100,000[5] 49,762
Spitzbergen44,092
Brazil16,535
Portugal10,000[5]16,938 27,053
Venezuela10,000[5]12,000[5]13,355
Switzerland8,267
Philippine Islands2,000[5]2,998
Unspecified1,016,947[5]
Total1,309,565,000[7]1,377,000,000[7]1,478,000,000[7]1,346,000,000

[5] Estimated.

[6] Transvaal included Natal and Cape of Good Hope.

[7] Approximate.

Table 5.—Reserves

Total coal reserves in millions of metric tons have been estimated, by continents, as follows:

ContinentMillions
of tons
North America5,073,000
Asia1,280,000
Europe784,000
Australia and Oceania170,000
Africa58,000
South America32,000

The countries on pre-war basis having the greatest reserves are as follows: