Recent discussions on the abolition of patents for inventions in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the Netherlands

by Unknown

INDEX.

• Abuse of Patents, [39], [46], [47]
• Agricultural Interest Concerned, [51]
• Armstrong, Sir W., C.B.
• See also “[Quotations]”, [237]
• Austria, [47], [51]
• Authors’ Motives, [298]
• Stamp, [297]
• Interest, [293]
• Bad working of our Patent System in Prussian Eyes, [189]
• Baden, [192]
• Bavaria, [331]
• “Beehive”, [332]
• Belgium, [66], [124], [193], [198], [201], [209], [213], [278], [331]
• Benard, M., [124], [150], [175]
• Bergmann, van Zinnicq, [196], [223]
• Bismarck, Count von, his Message on Patents, [185]
• Brunswick, [192]
• Buying up Patents, [27], [39], [41], [43], [112], [139]
• Canada, Copyright in, [307], [309]
• Canadian Parliament, Correspondence on Copyright, [316]
• Patent-Law, [290], [297]
• Capitalists, [26], [43], [73], [206], [240], [257]
• Chevalier, M., [164]
• Cases and Illustrations:—
• Alpaca, [38]
• Aluminium, [37]
• Aniline, [169], [177]
• Bicycles, [203]
• Bleu Francais, [171]
• Boot-heels, [37]
• Bullets, [266]
• Buttons, [38]
• Candles, [27]
• Capsules, [34]
• Carding Machines, [138]
• Colour, [66]
• “Cock-spurs”, [41]
• Cooking, [46]
• Copper, [284]
• Ether-spray, [268]
• Filters, [29]
• Fireplaces, [283]
• Flour, [51], [52], [100]
• Food, [19]
• Fuel, [283]
• Fulling, [20]
• Gas, [106], [234]
• Gloves, [38]
• Gun-cotton, [47]
• Guns, [206]
• Heating, [283]
• Iron-trade, [34], [50], [166], [171], [256], [284], [285]
• Lamps, [273]
• Linen-trade, [54]
• Machinery, [31], [54]
• Manures, [233]
• Medical, &c., [19], [268]
• Peat, [234]
• Pencils, [173]
• Photography, [169], [218]
• Pyrites, [235]
• Quinine, [177]
• Railways, [283]
• Railway Pins, [268]
• Safety, [19], [40]
• Screw Propeller, [45], [97], [256], [275]
• Sewing Machines, [32], [41], [283]
• Shale Oils, &c., [99], [253]
• Shipbuilding and Equipping, [43], [44], [46], [78], [79]
• Shirt-frills, [37]
• Shot, [44]
• Spine-bags, [269]
• Spinning, [283]
• Steam Boilers and Engines, [19], [28], [97], [102], [169], [255], [261], [283]
• Sugar, [19], [53], [54], [65]
• Sulphuric Acid, [255]
• Telegraphs, [36], [38], [97], [136], [274], [283]
• Umbrellas, [38]
• Ventilating, [283]
• Weaving, [145]
• Civilisation Impugned, [75]
• Classification of Patents, [19], [87], [97], [283]
• Cobden Club Prize Essay, [305]
• Colonies, [19], [48], [64], [297], [326]
• Colonies of France, [325]
• Combination Inventions, [29], [101], [103]
• Commerce, Chamber of, Cologne, [272], [279]
• Glasgow, [116]
• Holland, [203]
• Liverpool, [22], [213], [231], [249], [278]
• Manchester, [24]
• Prussia, [185], [215], [278]
• United Kingdom, [277]
• Commercial Societies opposed to Patents, [185], [203], [204]
• Commission, Royal, [22], [24], [28], [34], [42], [51], [59], [66], [104], [109], [114], [189], [211], [212], [228], [231], [235], [246], [249], [252], [258], [267]
• Committee of 1829, [20], [22], [23], [24]
• 1851, [22], [38], [211]
• Community has Claims on Inventors, [14], [119]
• Competition, its Place and Power, [156], [162], [276]
• Conditions in Early Patents, [15]
• Consumers get Benefit of Inventions, [71], [289]
• Continental Patent Systems, [90]
• Copyright Amendment Tendencies, [320]
• Bill for Fine Arts, [320]
• Compared with Patent-right, [10], [95], [110], [117], [200], [206], [208], [210], [221], [228], [238], [241], [243], [254], [255], [264]
• International, [293], [305]
• “Verein,” a, [297]
• Cost of Patents, [24], [25], [38], [40], [62], [189]
• Crown Not Liable to Pay for Patents, [104]
• Custom-house Officers, What they have to Do, [141], [321]
• Danger of Losing Pre-eminence in Manufactures, [91], [245]
• Debate in Parliament, [9], [201], [208], [231], [251]
• De Bruyn Kops, [202], [223]
• Decorations Suggested, [86]
• Development a Feature of the Patent System, [16], [18]
• Disrepute, Patenting falling into, [83], [168]
• Dormant Patents, [44]
• Doubts as to Benefit of Patent System, [44], [57], [109]
• Duties on Books, [309], [310], [318], [326]
• “Economist, The”, [254]
• Economists of Germany, [66], [215], [278]
• Europe, Feeling against Patents in, [211]
• European Copyright, Americans obtain through Canada, [307]
• Examination before Granting Patents, [187], [189], [252], [259], [266], [269], [270]
• Exceptional Rewards for Great Inventions, [94], [114]
• Excise, Proposal to Employ, on behalf of Authors, [318], [319], [326]
• Exclusive Property, None should be in Inventions, [129]
• Exorbitant Demands of Patentees, [27], [31], [32], [41], [46], [50], [51], [53], [166]
• Expatriation of Frenchmen by Patents, [179]
• Expediency the only Ground for Patents, [232], [238], [271]
• Expired Patent, An, [31]
• “Exploitation” required in France, [133]
• “Expropriation”, [81], [142]
• Extravagance of Patents as a Recompense, [78], [265]
• Favours, Patents are, [10], [224]
• Fock, Minister of the Interior in the Netherlands, [219], [224]
• Foreigners, How Favoured, [90], [275], [308]
• Number of Patents in United Kingdom, [68]
• France, [66], [193], [197], [199], [200], [211], [227], [325], [332]
• Copyright Convention with, [325]
• Free Trade, [47], [48], [73], [81], [164], [228], [232], [245]
• Frivolous and Petty Inventions, [26], [30], [33], [37], [44], [96], [101], [206], [253], [260], [266], [270], [284]
• Gefken, [224]
• Germany, [185], [192], [193], [214], [220], [230], [274], [275], [279], [332]
• Economists of, [66], [249]
• Godefroi, [207], [223]
• Guilds, [197], [203]
• Heemskerk Azn, [198], [220], [224]
• Hesse, [192]
• Honours for Inventors, [86]
• Houten, Van, [204]
• Improper Patents, [38], [55], [268], [284]
• Improvements, Minor, [36], [37], [170]
• Retarded by Patents, [39], [58], [114], [272], [281]
• Inconvenience Caused by Patents, [20], [26], [46], [48], [104]
• India, [48]
• Infringements, [34], [112], [272]
• Unconscious, [29], [44], [103], [204], [261]
• Injury done to Patentees by Patents, [29], [121], [255], [260], [273]
• International Arrangements, [86], [293], [296], [305]
• Invalid Patents, [32], [39], [235], [237]
• Inventions Independent of Patents, [119], [136]
• Inventor, The “First and True”, [16]
• Inventors’ Institute, [287]
• Who are They?, [248], [288]
• Ireland, [15], [19], [53], [295], [324]
• Italy, [324], [332]
• Johnston, Andrew, Esq., M.P., [239]
• Judges and Jury in Patent Trials, [107]
• Law of Patents in America, [282]
• Copyright, [298], [310], [313]
• Patents, How Administered, [12], [33], [107], [109]
• Patents in France, [175], [216]
• Patents in Holland, [202], [215]
• Officers of the Crown, [105], [266]
• Lawyers, Many Opposed to Patents, [93]
• Lenting, [225]
• Library of Patent-office, [289]
• Licences, [13], [38]
• Compulsory, [42], [246], [262]
• High Charges for, [48], [50], [51]
• Refusal of, [40], [41], [53], [103]
• Litigation, Costly, [34], [43], [100], [111], [260]
• Dilatory, [33], [105], [253]
• Occasioned or Required by Patents, [30], [32], [34], [52], [105], [121], [180], [201], [234], [237], [253], [285]
• Loss of Inventions by Abolition Improbable, [107], [119]
• Losses by Patents, [42], [43]
• Macfie, Speech of Mr., [9], [213], [251]
• Manufacture, What is Meant by?, [16], [59], [282]
• Manufacturers dislike Patents, [9], [30], [248], [251], [262]
• Injustice Done to, [71], [238]
• Medals Proposed, [85]
• Merits, Certificates of, [85]
• Meritorious and Unmeritorious Patents, [97]
• Mill, J. S., his Arguments for Patents, [69]
• Appealed to, [75]
• Monopoly, Antipathy to, [11], [16], [21], [26]
• Injurious, [28], [36]
• Restrictions on, Necessary, [15]
• the Essence of a Patent, [10], [219], [232], [244], [272]
• Multiplication of Patents, [25], [37], [44], [45], [203]
• Musical Copyright, [315]
• Muspratt, E. K., Esq., [231]
• Nature, Order of, opposed to Monopoly of Ideas, [9], [76]
• Neglect of Patents by Patentees, [54]
• Netherlands, [50], [196], [200], [225], [236], [280], [332]
• New Books seldom Seen by Poor, [294]
• Number of Patents, [18], [19], [97], [283]
• in other Countries, [50], [192]
• Obstructiveness of Patents, [27], [36], [44], [59], [102], [112], [122], [163], [171], [203], [206], [226], [227], [237], [253], [255], [257], [270], [281]
• Occupation, Right of First, [207]
• Operatives as Witnesses, [92]
• Injured by Patents, [63], [239], [247], [286]
• Seldom get New Books, [294]
• Origin of the Patent System in England, [11]
• Palmer, Sir Roundell, M.P., [93]
• Parliament, [11], [21], [236]
• Patent Act of 1852, [25], [48]
• Laws cannot be much Improved, [67], [91], [187], [205], [217], [246], [252], [263], [333]
• Office, [289]
• System, Demands of, on Manufacturers, [76], [226]
• Patentees, Limit in Number of, [16]
• Who should be, [13]
• Patenting for Self-Protection, [28], [33], [165]
• Patents a Bad Stimulus, [62], [78], [120]
• an Anachronism, [123], [171], [255]
• are a Power to Restrain Others, [10], [111], [186]
• do more Harm than Good, [115], [273]
• Overtask Inventors’ Time and Powers, [79]
• Uncertain as a Lottery, [23], [42], [111], [260], [273]
• Used as Advertisements, [38]
• Perpetuity of Property in Patents, [133], [281]
• Poor Inventors, [42], [58], [62], [111], [237], [257], [262], [267]
• Prejudices in Favour of Patents, [254]
• Prices, Patents should not Raise, [21]
• Raised by Patents, [48], [54], [55], [178], [272]
• Principles, Patenting of, [274]
• Priority of Patenting, [113], [118]
• Processes are now Patented, [13], [14], [19]
• Profits of Patentees, [30], [34], [37], [52], [61]
• Go to Parties who have Little Claim, [35], [42], [52], [55], [61], [112], [191]
• Property, Exclusive Privileges are, [10]
• in Ideas, Knowledge, Modes, or Inventions, [9], [15], [95], [111], [116], [124], [167], [205], [242], [243], [254], [269], [324]
• in Land compared with that in Inventions, [132], [281]
• Prussia, [49], [50], [166], [171], [185], [192], [193], [201]
• Quotations from, or References to:—
• Abel, [33], [46], [68]
• Admiralty, [44], [60], [104]
• Annalen de Norddeutschen Bundes, [279]
• Armstrong, Sir W., [27], [28], [31], [35], [37], [39], [40], [41], [42], [57], [82], [90], [103], [257], [258], [262]
• Athenæum, [309], [310]
• Avenir Commercial, [175]
• Bacon’s Abridgment, [17]
• Bastiat, [161], [276], [277]
• Barthel, die Patent-frage, [279]
• Bell, [238]
• Betts, [34]
• Bismarck, Count von, [185], [219]
• Blaine, Roberton D., [324]
• Boudron, Aug., [28]
• Bookseller, [307], [309]
• Bovill, [51]
• Brande’s Dictionary, [13]
• Brewster, Sir David, [69]
• Bright, Right Hon. John, [249]
• British Association, [65]
• Brunel, I. K., [36], [39], [43], [58], [212]
• Brunel, Sir M. I., [23], [42]
• Buller, Justice, [18]
• Bulwer’s Act, [298]
• Bunsen, [274]
• Cairns, Lord, [67], [249], [319]
• Campbell, Lord, [64], [213]
• Cardwell, Right Hon. E., [65]
• Carpmael, [38]
• Chambers’s Cyclopædia, [34]
• Chelmsford, Lord, [41]
• Chevalier, M., [73], [80], [164], [198], [210], [211], [220], [221], [249], [278]
• Clode, [46], [47]
• Cobden, Richard, M.P., [63], [249]
• Coke, Sir E., [16], [20], [21]
• Collier, Sir R., [251], [254], [266]
• Conté, [173]
• Continental Association for Social Sciences, [81]
• Cook and Wheatstone, [36]
• Coryton’s Law of Letters-Patent, [17], [18], [24]
• Crane, Sir F., [83]
• Crossley, Sir F., M.P., [38], [70]
• Crown Lawyers, [63]
• Cubitt, Sir W., M.P., [29], [57], [212]
• Curtis, [24], [28], [32], [282]
• Daguerre, [169], [209], [218]
• Daly, Michael, Esq., [326]
• Douglas, Sir Howard, [45]
• Economist, [251], [255]
• Economists of Germany, [64], [215]
• Edmunds, L., Esq., [68]
• Engineer, [50], [269], [282], [285]
• Erle, Sir W., [67]
• Eyre, C. J., [18]
• Fairbairn, W., [67]
• Fairrie, John, [56]
• Farey, [20], [39]
• Flachat, E., [277]
• Forster, Right Hon. W. E., [67]
• Foxwell, [32]
• Franklin, [172]
• French Academy of Sciences, [143], [177], [209]
• Fulton, [143], [238]
• Garnier, Joseph, [221]
• Government Establishments, [43], [104], [258]
• Graham, Sir James, [64]
• Granville, Earl, [63], [212]
• Grey, Earl, [65]
• Griffith, [45]
• Grotius, [15]
• Grove, Q.C., [31], [33], [35], [37], [43], [57], [67], [98], [274], [284]
• Guimet, [171], [182]
• Hale, W. S., [27]
• Hall, [43]
• Hatherley, Lord, [25], [67]
• Harmonies Economiques, [163], [276]
• Harrowby, Earl of, [64]
• Hawkins, Serjeant, [16]
• Heath, Justice, [17]
• Hills, F. C., [234]
• Hindmarch, The Law of Patents, [14], [17], [282]
• Hofmann, [177]
• Holden, [139]
• Howard, Hon., [53]
• Howard, M.P., [251], [254]
• Indian Trade, [47]
• Ingres, [174]
• Jamar, Minister of Works in Belgium, [209], [211]
• Journal des Economistes, [124], [281]
• Journal of Jurisprudence, [25], [67]
• Judges, [63], [212]
• Klostermann, Dr., [201], [221], [279]
• Krupp, [171], [206]
• Lamartine, [200]
• Lawes, [233]
• Lefroy, General, [46]
• Legrand, [65], [277]
• Le Hardy de Beaulieu, [124], [277], [281]
• Lennard, M.P., [23]
• Macfie, M.P., [258], [278]
• Master of the Rolls, 1851, [63]
• Maurice, [256]
• Maury, Lieut., [161]
• M’Culloch, [69]
• Mechanics’ Magazine, [297], [299]
• Mill, J. S., [69], [78], [80], [256]
• Morse, [274]
• Mundella, M.P., [251], [262], [267]
• Napoleon, [304]
• Neilson, [284]
• Newton, [32], [38], [41], [265]
• Niepce de St. Victor, [169], [209]
• Overstone, Lord, [67]
• Paillottet, [277]
• Pall Mall Gazette, [231]
• Palmer, Sir R., M.P., [93], [232], [251], [255], [259], [263], [265]
• Passy, [169]
• Peel, Sir R., M.P., [23]
• Percy, Dr., [284]
• Perkins, [177]
• Platt, M.P., [29], [30], [33], [40], [57], [103], [258]
• Prècis d’Economie Politique, [153]
• Purday, Esq., [312], [313]
• Ransomes, [29]
• Reeve, Registrar of Privy Council, [51]
• Reid, Colonel, [56], [212]
• Reissel, [275]
• Rendal, J. M., [26], [47]
• Renouard, [301]
• Reybaud, L., [138]
• Ricardo, M.P., [65], [212], [249]
• Roberts, Richard, [38], [39], [55]
• Robinson, Admiral, [45]
• Roche, M.P., [65]
• Russell, J. Scott, [28], [30], [34], [103], [258], [262]
• Saturday Review, [263]
• Savornel Lohman, [200]
• Sciences Sociales, Association des, [81]
• Simon, of Privy Council, [269]
• Smith, Adam, [69]
• Smith, Archibald, [65]
• Smith, M., Q.C., M.P., [28]
• Social Science Association Proceedings, [14], [32], [42], [243]
• Société d’Economie Politique, [164], [202]
• Somerset, Duke of, [44]
• Sophismes Economiques, [155]
• Spectator, [259]
• Spence, James, [27], [43], [58]
• Stanley, Lord, M.P., [67], [208], [218], [249], [251], [255], [259]
• Stephens’ Commentaries, [10]
• Stephenson, [238]
• Talfourd, Serjeant, [298]
• Tilliere, [81]
• Trades Union, [78]
• Traité des Droits d’Auteurs, [297]
• Tyndal, Chief Justice, [17]
• Vermeire, [276], [277], [279]
• Visvering, Professor, [200]
• Waddington, H., [67]
• Walkoff, [153], [154]
• War Office, [46], [60], [104]
• Watt, [171]
• Webster, Thomas, Q.C., [26], [31], [35], [36]
• West India Association, [48]
• Whittle, Lowry, [54]
• Wintgens, [219], [222], [224]
• Wolowski, Professor, [82], [221]
• Woodcroft, [15], [32], [37], [56], [87]
• Young, [101]
• Recompense, Futility of Inventors’ Claim for, [131]
• Registration of Improvements, [86], [270]
• Remedies Suggested, [37], [72]
• Renouard, [294], [301]
• Repealing of Patents, Rare, [35]
• Results of Bad Law, [175]
• Rewards, State, [71], [80], [84], [94], [114], [171], [238], [247], [274], [288], [333]
• Rhine Countries, [230]
• Rights of Inventors a Modernism, [16]
• of the Community, [142], [206]
• Rogers, Professor Thorold, [viii]
• Royalties under Patents are a Differential Duty, [51]
• are a Tax, [49], [74], [102]
• for Remunerating Authors, [293], [298], [315]
• Heavy to Patentees, [50], [274], [285]
• to Authors, see “[Copyright]”
• Ruin of a Firm by Refusal of Patent Licences, [53]
• “Saturday Review”, [263]
• Saxony, [50]
• Scheme for International Patents, [250]
• for Modifying Patent System, [248]
• for Royalties to Authors, [296]
• Science, Men of, [36], [58], [64], [98], [168], [170], [176], [228]
• Scotland, [19], [82], [99], [283]
• Secrecy and Concealment, [40], [47], [56], [88], [114], [158], [194]
• Sentimentalism, [18], [123]
• Simultaneousness of Inventions, [25], [26], [35], [36], [45], [54], [95], [113], [204], [209], [253], [261], [265]
• Smuggling of Books into Canada, [309]
• “Spectator”, [259]
• Speculation in Patents, [53], [112], [260], [275]
• Stanley, Lord, M.P., [67], [109], [208]
• State is not Bound to Grant Patents, [10]
• its Duty, [76]
• makes Preposterous Concessions in Patents, [74], [78], [141]
• Statute of Monopolies Quoted, [11], [20], [21], [22], [47], [59], [60], [88], [282]
• Steps in Invention, [136], [147], [169], [253], [258]
• Stirling, James, Esq., [116]
• Substitute for Patents should be Sought for, [115]
• Sugar Refiners, [19], [48], [51], [54], [65], [82]
• Switzerland, [49], [68], [167], [191], [193], [198], [201], [236], [247], [249], [254], [275], [280]
• “Times, The”, [251]
• Titles Suggested, [86]
• Trade, Board of, [249], [317]
• in Books, [293], [294], [308], [312], [331], [332]
• Interfered with by Patents, [47], [51], [52], [65], [81], [166]
• Marks, [326], [328]
• Trades Union, [78]
• United Kingdom, [193], [197], [324]
• United States, [193], [197], [199], [282], [296], [297], [307], [317], [331], [332]
• Usefulness of a Patent System, [56], [57], [97], [161], [258], [273]
• Vending, [282]
• not Prohibited in Germany, [193]
• Vermeire, [276]
• Voorthuysen, Van, [218], [224]
• Wages, Effect of Patents on, [62]
• Watts, Thomas, Esq., [297]
• West India Association’s Policy as to Patents, [48]
• Würtemberg, [192]

ERRATA.

On page	[70],	two lines from bottom, read Francis instead of Joseph.
”	[92],	line 13, for command read commend; and insert a comma after the word inaugurate in next line.

Transcriber’s Note: These two amendments have been made, and in addition, a number of minor typographical errors were identified and corrected.

LONDON: W. J. JOHNSON, PRINTER, 121, FLEET STREET.

THE PATENT QUESTION
UNDER FREE TRADE:

A SOLUTION OF DIFFICULTIES
BY ABOLISHING OR SHORTENING THE INVENTORS’ MONOPOLY, AND
INSTITUTING NATIONAL RECOMPENSES.

A PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE
Congress of the Association for the Promotion of Social Science,
AT EDINBURGH, OCTOBER, 1863, BY ROBERT ANDREW MACFIE,
PRESIDENT OF THE LIVERPOOL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.