B. E. J.
CONTENTS
| CHAPTER | PAGE | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Various Processes of Joining Metals | [1] |
| 2. | Soft Solders | [4] |
| 3. | Fluxes Used in Soft-soldering | [12] |
| 4. | Soft-soldering with the Copper Bit | [17] |
| 5. | Soft-soldering with Blowpipe or Bunsen Burner | [37] |
| 6. | Soldering Aluminium | [57] |
| 7. | Wiping Joints on Lead Pipes | [64] |
| 8. | Hard-soldering with Silver Solder | [75] |
| 9. | Soldering Gold and Silver Jewellery | [83] |
| 10. | Brazing | [89] |
| 11. | Welding Iron and Steel Under the Hammer | [108] |
| 12. | Making Blowpipes | [112] |
| 13. | Managing Blow-lamps | [118] |
| 14. | Making Blow-lamps | [122] |
| 15. | Electric and Thermit Welding Briefly Considered | [129] |
| 16. | Oxy-acetylene Welding | [134] |
| 17. | Lead-burning | [150] |
| Index | [155] | |
SOLDERING, BRAZING AND WELDING
CHAPTER I
The Various Processes of Joining Metals
Apart from the use of rivets, screws, etc., metal is commonly joined by soldering, brazing, or welding, three groups of processes that have one thing in common—the use of heat to fuse either the metals themselves or an alloy which is interposed to consolidate the joint. The word “solder” is derived through the French from a Latin word meaning “solid.”
Soldering may be “soft” or “hard.” Soft-soldering uses lead-tin alloys which are easily melted in a bunsen gas flame or with a hot iron or bit; while hard-soldering employs a silver-copper alloy, to melt which a mouth blowpipe at least is necessary. Brazing is hard-soldering with spelter (brass), and a forge or a heavy blowlamp or a powerful blowpipe must be employed to provide the heat.