1st. The water seal of its trap should be in sight, should stand up in the basin, and be quite safe from either momentum or siphonage.
2nd. It should be so thoroughly flushed that at each discharge every part of the basin and trap would be properly cleansed.
3rd. It should be as well adapted for the discharge of slops as for a w.c.
A closet possessing these advantages is perfectly safe to use anywhere, and the only kind which, in his opinion, comes up to this standard, is that known as the “direct action.” Within the last few years several inventors have turned their attention to the manufacture of this kind of closet, and there are now several in the market to choose from, each of which has some advantage peculiar to itself.
Emptage has found:
1st. That these closets, when properly trapped, flushed, and ventilated, are perfectly safe and wholesome, and are free from the evils and annoyances attendant upon most other forms.
2nd. That to ensure a thorough flush out, the water must fall with an avalanche-like action direct upon the surface of the water in the basin.
3rd. That those basins which show an O G section are more readily flushed than those which have sides in the form of inclined planes.
4th. That with a suitably shaped basin 2 gal. of water, delivered in 5 seconds, will thoroughly cleanse the closet.