In his 'Republic,' 'De legibus,' 'De furore poetico,' 'Timæus,' 'Gorgias,' 'Alcibiades Philebus,' there are copious references to music.
Archytas of Tarent, a contemporary of Plato.
He was the first to recognize the transmission of tones by air vibration. His theories are cited by Theodore of Smyrna, Claudius Ptolemy, etc.
Aristotle (383-320 B. C.).
In 'Polities' and 'Poetics' he makes frequent references to music.
Aristoxenus of Tarent (ca. 320 B. C.), the most important musical theoretician of ancient Greece. His 'Rhythmics' and his 'Elements of Harmonics,' the greatest part of which is lost, have been many times translated and commented on.
Euclid, the great mathematician, a follower of Pythagoras. His 'Sectio canonis' treats of the mathematical relation of tones.
Heron of Alexandria (100 B. C.)
In his 'Pneumatica' he described the water organ (Hydraulis) invented by Ktebisius, his teacher.
Aristides Quintilianus (first to second century, A. D.) of Smyrna. His 'Introduction to Music' (μοὕσϛ ἁρ ονικἣϛ), completely preserved, except for corruptions by copyists, is especially notable for its tables of musical notation.