[27] C. Cennini, Il Libro del Arte, Firenze, 1859, cap. clxxi, p. 122.
[28] Appendix, Doc. IX.
[29] Ricordi di Alesso Baldovinetti, Lucca, 1868, pp. 14 and 16.
[30] Appendix, Doc. VII.
[31] Appendix, Doc. IX.
[32] ‘Tirthankara.’ from Tirt’ ha (Sanskrit—any Hindu shrine or holy place to which Hindus make pilgrimages). ‘Tirthankara’ is the generic title of the twenty-four deceased saints held sacred by the Jains. They are deified mortals.
[33] ‘Labarum’ was the name given before the time of Constantine, and apparently as far back as that of Hadrian, in the Roman army to the standard of the cavalry. Gradually this became the standard of the whole army, and in its later developments the banner became surmounted by the Eagle of Victory, but always with the cross beneath. Constantine replaced the eagle by the sacred monogram (the Greek letter P traversed by X); he further embroidered the Christian emblems on the purple of the banner in gold and jewels, and beneath these he placed medallions representing in portraiture himself and his children.
[34] Compare the inscription on a paten from Haraldsborg, Denmark, in the Copenhagen Museum:—HINC PANEM VITE MVNDATI SVMITE QVIQ[ue]. (J. J. A. Worsaae, ‘Nordiske Oldsager i det Kongelige Museum i Kjöbenhavn,’ 1859, p. 144.)
[35] F. Bock, ‘Les Trésors Sacrés de Cologne,’ 1862, pl. 28. H. Otte, ‘Handbuch der Kirchlichen Kunst-Archäologie.’ 5th ed. 1883, I. p. 223.
[36] It is distinctive of chalices of the twelfth century and earlier that the bowl either is separated from the knop by only a narrow interval or springs directly from it. Compare the examples of the eighth to twelfth century figured in Otte’s Handbuch, and the French examples of the Church of St. Gauzelin and of St. Rémy. (Exposition rétrospective, Paris, 1900. Catalogue illustré, pp. 65, 73.) It may be remarked that only one of these examples exhibits the slightly turned-out lip which characterizes English chalices of early date. (See Hope and Fallow, ‘English Medieval Chalices and Patens,’ Archaeological Journal, xliii, 142.)