The sound of s is formed by forcing unvocal breath between the tip of the tongue and the upper gum.

Th is produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the teeth or against the upper front teeth, and forcing vocal or unvocal breath between the tongue and the teeth. If vocal breath is used, sonant th is heard, as in this; if unvocal breath, then non-sonant th is produced, as in thin—this last is the sound made for s by those who lisp (lithp).

TABLE OF CONSONANTS

Name
according to
exit of sound		ChecksSpirants, Breathings[13]Liquids
Trills		Nasals
Name
according to
quality of sound		Tenues
Sharp
Hard		Mediæ
Flat
Soft		Sharp
Hard		Flat
Soft
Or-
gan-
ic
Names		- Labialspb ... w...m
Labio-
dentals		...... ... v......
Dentalstd th in thunder th in thisln
Palatals......- s z......
sh- j in (Fr.) jour......
s in pleasure......
ch in church j in Johnr...
ch in (Germ.) ich y in you......
Gutturalsk, q, cg in go ch in Scotch (loch) g in (Germ.) tage...ng

[13] Some of the Breathings are often called Aspirates.

ACCENT OF WORDS

One syllable of every word with two or more syllables receives, in pronouncing, more force than another. This stronger force is called Accent, and the syllable which receives this force is said to be accent´ed.

Marks of Accent.—The primary accent is marked with a firm oblique stroke, thus: ob´ject, object´, discov´er. The secondary accent is marked by a similar but lighter stroke, or sometimes by two light strokes, thus: lem´on-ade´ (or lem´´on-ade´).

Unaccented Vowels.—Every vowel, when under either the primary or the secondary accent, is distinct; that is, the exact sound of the vowel is evident, as short a, long i, broad o, etc. In an unaccented syllable, the vowel sound is sometimes doubtful; in most instances, however, it is not. For instance, a correct speaker says: ăttĕn´tĭve, ăn´ĕcdōte, cōmprēhĕnd´, ăllēgā´tiȯn, chăp´ĕl, prĕs´ent, ĕm´ĭnĕnt, prāi´rĭe, a̤u´dĭĕnce, căl´loŭs.