The term carat is also used to express the fineness of gold, and means 1⁄24 part. Thus, gold that is 18 carats fine is 18⁄24 gold, and 6⁄24 alloy.
The standard unit of weight is the Troy pound. It is equal to the weight of 22.7944 cubic inches of distilled water at its maximum density, the barometer being at 30 inches. It is identical with the Troy pound of Great Britain.
The following are approximate avoirdupois weights of certain articles of produce according to the laws of the United States, and in the majority of States:
Table I. UNITED STATES LEGAL WEIGHTS (in pounds) PER BUSHEL
Prepared by the United States Bureau of Standards
| State or Territory | Apples | Bar- ley | Beans | Beets | Blue- Grass Seed | Bran[*] | Broom- Corn Seed | Buck- wheat | Car- rots | Clover Seed | Coal | Coke | Corn | Corn Meal[*] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ap- ple[*] | Dried Ap- ples | Beans[*] | Castor Beans, Shelled | Corn in Ear | Shelled Corn | ||||||||||||
| United States | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 | ... | ... | 80 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Alabama | ... | 24 | 47 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Arizona | ... | ... | 45 | [a]55 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Arkansas | [b]50 | 24 | 48 | [a]60 | ... | ... | 14 | 20 | 48 | 52 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| California | ... | ... | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 40 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Colorado | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | 14 | ... | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | ... | 50 |
| Connecticut | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | [c]60 | ... | 20 | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| Delaware | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Florida | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | [d]60 | 48 | ... | ... | 20 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Georgia | ... | 24 | 47 | [e]60 | ... | ... | 14 | [f]20 | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Hawaii | ... | ... | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Idaho | ... | 28 | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 56 | ... |
| Illinois | ... | 24 | 48 | [e]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Indiana | ... | 25 | 48 | 60 | 46 | ... | 14 | ... | ... | 50 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | [g]68 | 56 | 50 |
| Iowa | 48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | 14 | 20 | 50 | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 38 | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Kansas | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | [h]14 | 20 | ... | 50 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | [i]56 | ... |
| Kentucky | ... | 24 | 47 | [e]60 | [*]45 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | 56 | ... | 60 | 76 | ... | [j]70 | 56 | 50 |
| Louisiana | ... | ... | 32 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Maine | 44 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 48 | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| Maryland | ... | 28 | ... | ... | 50 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | ... | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | 56 | 48 |
| Massachusetts | 48 | 25 | 48 | [k]60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | [l]56 | 50 |
| Michigan | 48 | 22 | 48 | 60 | 46 | ... | 14 | ... | ... | 48 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Minnesota | [b]50 | 28 | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | 14 | ... | 57 | 50 | 45 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Mississippi | ... | 26 | 48 | [e]60 | [m]46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | 48 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 72 | 56 | 48 |
| Missouri | 48 | 24 | 48 | [m]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Montana | 45 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | 14 | 20 | ... | 52 | 50 | 60 | 76 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Nebraska | 48 | 24 | 48 | [e]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Nevada | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | [h] | 20 | ... | 50 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| New Hampshire | 48 | 25 | 48 | 62 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | [e]50 | ... | 50 |
| New Jersey | 50 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 50 | 50 | 64 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| New York | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 20 | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| North Carolina | 48 | ... | 48 | ... | [*]46 | ... | 14 | ... | 46 | 50 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 |
| North Dakota | 50 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | 30 | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Ohio | 50 | 24 | 48 | 60 | ... | 56 | ... | ... | ... | 50 | 50 | 60 | [n]80 | 40 | 68 | 56 | ... |
| Oklahoma | 48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | 14 | 20 | 30 | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Oregon | 45 | 28 | 46 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Pennsylvania | ... | ... | 47 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 | ... | 60 | [o]76 | 40 | ... | ... | ... |
| Rhode Island | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 50 | ... | 20 | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 40 | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| South Carolina | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 |
| South Dakota | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | 30 | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Tennessee | [b]50 | 24 | 48 | [p]60 | 46 | 50 | 14 | 20 | 42 | 50 | 50 | [q]60 | 80 | 40 | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Texas | 45 | 28 | 48 | [e]60 | ... | ... | ... | 20 | ... | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Vermont | 46 | ... | 48 | 62 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Virginia | 45 | 28 | 48 | [e]60 | ... | ... | 14 | ... | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Washington | [b]45 | 28 | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| West Virginia | ... | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Wisconsin | 50 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | ... | 20 | ... | 50 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| State or Territory | Apples | Barley | Beans | Beets | Blue-Grass Seed | Bran[*] | Broom-Corn Seed | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apple[*] | Dried Apples | Beans[*] | Castor Beans, Shelled | ||||||
| United States | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Alabama | ... | 24 | 47 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Arizona | ... | ... | 45 | [a]55 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Arkansas | [b]50 | 24 | 48 | [a]60 | ... | ... | 14 | 20 | 48 |
| California | ... | ... | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Colorado | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | 14 | ... | ... |
| Connecticut | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | [c]60 | ... | 20 | ... |
| Delaware | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Florida | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | [d]60 | 48 | ... | ... | 20 | ... |
| Georgia | ... | 24 | 47 | [e]60 | ... | ... | 14 | [f]20 | ... |
| Hawaii | ... | ... | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Idaho | ... | 28 | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Illinois | ... | 24 | 48 | [e]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Indiana | ... | 25 | 48 | 60 | 46 | ... | 14 | ... | ... |
| Iowa | 48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | 14 | 20 | 50 |
| Kansas | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | [h]14 | 20 | ... |
| Kentucky | ... | 24 | 47 | [e]60 | [*]45 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Louisiana | ... | ... | 32 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Maine | 44 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... |
| Maryland | ... | 28 | ... | ... | 50 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Massachusetts | 48 | 25 | 48 | [k]60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | ... |
| Michigan | 48 | 22 | 48 | 60 | 46 | ... | 14 | ... | ... |
| Minnesota | [b]50 | 28 | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | 14 | ... | 57 |
| Mississippi | ... | 26 | 48 | [e]60 | [m]46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Missouri | 48 | 24 | 48 | [m]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Montana | 45 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Nebraska | 48 | 24 | 48 | [e]60 | 46 | ... | 14 | 20 | ... |
| Nevada | [b]48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 56 | [h] | 20 | ... |
| New Hampshire | 48 | 25 | 48 | 62 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | ... |
| New Jersey | 50 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... |
| New York | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 20 | ... |
| North Carolina | 48 | ... | 48 | ... | [*]46 | ... | 14 | ... | 46 |
| North Dakota | 50 | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | 30 |
| Ohio | 50 | 24 | 48 | 60 | ... | 56 | ... | ... | ... |
| Oklahoma | 48 | 24 | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | 14 | 20 | 30 |
| Oregon | 45 | 28 | 46 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Pennsylvania | ... | ... | 47 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Rhode Island | 48 | 25 | 48 | 60 | 46 | 50 | ... | 20 | ... |
| South Carolina | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| South Dakota | ... | ... | 48 | 60 | ... | 60 | ... | 20 | 30 |
| Tennessee | [b]50 | 24 | 48 | [p]60 | 46 | 50 | 14 | 20 | 42 |
| Texas | 45 | 28 | 48 | [e]60 | ... | ... | ... | 20 | ... |
| Vermont | 46 | ... | 48 | 62 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... |
| Virginia | 45 | 28 | 48 | [e]60 | ... | ... | 14 | ... | ... |
| Washington | [b]45 | 28 | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| West Virginia | ... | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Wisconsin | 50 | 25 | 48 | 60 | ... | 50 | ... | 20 | ... |
| State or Territory | Buckwheat | Carrots | Clover Seed | Coal | Coke | Corn | Corn Meal[*] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corn in Ear | Shelled Corn | |||||||
| United States | 48 | ... | ... | 80 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Alabama | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Arizona | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Arkansas | 52 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| California | 40 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Colorado | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | ... | 50 |
| Connecticut | 48 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| Delaware | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Florida | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Georgia | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Hawaii | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Idaho | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | 56 | ... |
| Illinois | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| Indiana | 50 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | [g]68 | 56 | 50 |
| Iowa | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 38 | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Kansas | 50 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | [i]56 | ... |
| Kentucky | 56 | ... | 60 | 76 | ... | [j]70 | 56 | 50 |
| Louisiana | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Maine | 48 | 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| Maryland | ... | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | 56 | 48 |
| Massachusetts | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | [l]56 | 50 |
| Michigan | 48 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Minnesota | 50 | 45 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Mississippi | 48 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 72 | 56 | 48 |
| Missouri | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Montana | 52 | 50 | 60 | 76 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Nebraska | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Nevada | 50 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | 70 | 56 | 48 |
| New Hampshire | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | [e]50 | ... | 50 |
| New Jersey | 50 | 50 | 64 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| New York | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
| North Carolina | 50 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 |
| North Dakota | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Ohio | 50 | 50 | 60 | [n]80 | 40 | 68 | 56 | ... |
| Oklahoma | 52 | 50 | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Oregon | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Pennsylvania | 48 | ... | 60 | [o]76 | 40 | ... | ... | ... |
| Rhode Island | 48 | 50 | 60 | 80 | 40 | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| South Carolina | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 |
| South Dakota | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Tennessee | 50 | 50 | [q]60 | 80 | 40 | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Texas | 42 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | ... |
| Vermont | 48 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Virginia | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | 70 | 56 | 50 |
| Washington | 42 | ... | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| West Virginia | 52 | ... | 60 | 80 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Wisconsin | 50 | 50 | 60 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 50 |
Table I. UNITED STATES LEGAL WEIGHTS (in pounds) PER BUSHEL—Continued