Order II.—Berberidaceæ: Shrubs or perennial herbs; nineteen genera.
Berberis (barberry): Fruit, a sour berry. Found in Europe; naturalized in New England.
Podophyllum (May apple, mandrake): Perennial herb. Fruit, a berry. Found: Eastern North America; a species in Himalaya Mountains.
Order III.—Papaveraceæ: Annual or perennial herbs with milky or colored juice; about twenty-four genera.
Papaver (poppy): Geographical home on southern edge of North Temperate Zone, spreading north and south. Great opium districts are the valley of Ganges, Asiatic Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Asia Minor, China. From India, fourteen million pounds annually. Persia and Turkey, seventy-one million pounds.
Order IV.—Cruciferæ: Herbs; about one hundred and seventy-two genera.
Brassica (turnip, mustard, cabbage, cauliflower, rape): United States, Europe, India, Syria and Russia.
Capsella (shepherd’s purse): Naturalized in United States; from Europe.
Cochlearia (horseradish): Perennial. Root. Middle and southern edges of North Temperate Zone, from Great Britain to Asia and northeastern America.
Isatis (woad): Biennial. Throughout Europe. Cultivated in Azores and Canary Isles.