Lumpirus (cedar): Trees and shrubs. Middle and western Europe, northern Asia, North America.
Larix (larch): Mountains of middle Europe, north of New York to Pacific Ocean.
(2) Gymnosperms (jĭm´ṉō̇-sperms).—Plants producing naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock.
This second division of flowering plants (phanerogams) includes four living groups: (a) Coniferæ, including all evergreen trees, such as pine, fir, redwood (Sequoia), etc.; (b) Cycadaceæ, trees such as cypress, palmetto, etc.; (c) Gnetaceæ; (d) Ginkgo. There are about five hundred living species.
Order LX.—
Order LXX.—
Sub-Kingdom II.—Flowerless Plants, or Cryptogamia (krĭp´ṯō̇-gā´mĭ-ȧ).
(3) Pteridophyta (tĕr-ĭ-dŏf´ĭ-ta).
This group does not include over five thousand species altogether. All its members have a well-marked differentiation into leaves and stems, some with large leaves like the Bracken fern and some with small leaves like the Club-moss. All are provided with well-differentiated wood and phlœm, which are arranged in bundles in the stem. All the members, also, have a well-marked alternation of generations, but it differs from that of the bryophytes, for the leafy plant which is conspicuous is the spore-producing generation, while the sexual generation is a very small and inconspicuous little structure, as simple as an alga except for its sexual organs. To this cohort belong all the ferns, all the Equisetums, or Horsetails, and the Club-mosses and Selaginellas.
(4) Bryophyta (brĭ-ŏfĭ´-tȧ).