The Teutonic stock of nations, as they exist at the present day, is divided into two principal branches: (1) The Scandinavian, embracing Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders; and (2) the Germanic, which includes, besides the German-speaking inhabitants of Germany proper and Switzerland, also the population of the Netherlands (the Dutch), the Flemings of Belgium, and the descendants of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Great Britain, together with their offspring in North America, Australia, and other British colonies—the English-speaking peoples of the world. It is necessary in this case, as in all similar cases, to guard against making language the sole test of race. In many parts of Germany, where German now prevails, Slavic dialects were spoken down to recent times, and in some places are not yet quite extinct. And in Great Britain it is unreasonable to suppose that the Anglo-Saxon invaders exterminated the native Celtic population, or even drove more than a tithe of them into Wales and the Highlands.
THE TEUTONIC RACIAL GROUP
| LOW GERMAN. | - | NORSE. | - | W. Branch. | - | Old Norwegian. | - | Icelandic. | ||||
| W. Dalecarlian. | ||||||||||||
| Jämetlandish. | ||||||||||||
| Faroic. | ||||||||||||
| E. Branch. | - | Danish. | - | Bornholm. | ||||||||
| Normanno-Jutish. | ||||||||||||
| Dano-Jutish. | ||||||||||||
| Swedish. | - | E. Dalecarlian. | ||||||||||
| Gothic. | ||||||||||||
| Scanian. | ||||||||||||
| NIEDER-DEUTSCH. | - | Frisic. | - | W. Fr. Groningen. | ||||||||
| E. Fr. Saterland. | ||||||||||||
| N. Fr. Helgoland, Sylt, etc. | ||||||||||||
| Continental Saxon. | - | Old Saxon of the “Heliand.” | ||||||||||
| Westphalian. | ||||||||||||
| Hanoverian. | ||||||||||||
| Brunswick. | ||||||||||||
| Pomeranian, etc. | ||||||||||||
| Anglo-Saxon (English). | - | Anglisc (Northern). | - | Northumbrian. | ||||||||
| Lowland Scotch. | ||||||||||||
| Shetland, etc. | ||||||||||||
| Midland. | - | Lincoln. | ||||||||||
| Yorkshire. | ||||||||||||
| Derby, etc. | ||||||||||||
| Saxon (Southern). | - | Cornish. | ||||||||||
| Somerset. | ||||||||||||
| Dorset. | ||||||||||||
| Kent, etc. | ||||||||||||
| HIGH GERMAN. | - | MITTEL-DEUTSCH. | - | Salic Frankish (extinct). | ||||||||
| Riparian Frankish. | - | Rhenish. | ||||||||||
| E. Frankish. | ||||||||||||
| Hessian. | ||||||||||||
| Thuringian. | - | Upper Saxon. | ||||||||||
| Erzgebirge. | ||||||||||||
| Transylvanian. | ||||||||||||
| Meissen. | ||||||||||||
| OBER-DEUTSCH. | - | Burgundian. | Swiss. | - | Bernese. | |||||||
| Hazli. | ||||||||||||
| Appenzell. | ||||||||||||
| Alemanno-Suabian. | - | Neuhochdeutsch (literary standard). | ||||||||||
| Alsatian. | ||||||||||||
| Wurtemberg. | ||||||||||||
| Baden. | ||||||||||||
| Bavarian. | - | Tyrolese. | - | Styrian. | ||||||||
| Austrian. | Carinthian. | |||||||||||
| Zips, etc. | ||||||||||||
GROUP OF OLD SCHOOL TURKISH GENTLEMEN OF CONSTANTINOPLE
The modern Turk is very far from being of purely Mongolian stock. In truth the mixed blood of practically all the peoples of southeastern Europe and western Asia courses in his veins.
Turks (tèrks) or Ottomans, the race now dominant in Turkey, lived originally in central Asia. They belong to the Sibiric or Tartar division of the Mongolian race, and reached Europe, probably in straggling bands, before the Christian Era (See [Mongolian]). To the same race division belong the European Finns, Lapps, Hungarians, Bulgarians, and Basques. Physically and in culture the Turks have become Europeanized, though to a less degree than the related Finns and Magyars. Instead of becoming blond, as the Finns, they have approached the brunette type of southern Europe, probably in part through their frequent intermarriages with the Circassian and other Mohammedan peoples of the Caucasus. In fact, today they are not so much Turkish by blood as Arabian, Circassian, Persian, Armenian, Greek, and Slavic. They prefer to be considered as Arabo-Persian in culture rather than as Turkish. In religion they are almost universally Mohammedan.
The Turks are in the minority in their own country, especially in the European part of Turkey, where the Turks, Greeks, Albanians, and “Slavs” (Bulgarians and Servians) are to be found in nearly equal parts. The first three named have been estimated to constitute seventy per cent of the population. No census of Turkey has ever been taken. The following estimates are compiled from various sources. The entire Ottoman Empire, excluding states practically independent, has a population of about 24,000,000. Of these 10,000,000 are Turks. In European Turkey, 1,500,000 out of a population of 6,000,000 are Turks. Here they are without doubt decreasing in numbers. In Macedonia the Turks number about 500,000 out of a population of 2,200,000. Of the latter number, however, only about 1,300,000 are Christians. In the capital itself, Constantinople, the Turks constitute only about one-half of the population of 1,200,000. In Turkey in Asia, on the other hand, the Turkish race is in the majority. The Mohammedans number perhaps 10,000,000 in a total population of 13,000,000 in Asiatic Turkey and Armenia. There are about 500,000 Turks in Bulgaria out of a total population of 4,000,000. The Mohammedan population of Bosnia and Herzegovina—550,000 out of a total of 1,600,000—is mainly Slavic rather than Turkish.