1290.—Genoese reach the Canaries, Azores, etc.
1325-52.—Ibn Batuta (Arab.) travels through the whole Mohammedan world, northern Africa, eastern Africa, southern Russia, Arabia, India and China.
1327.—Sir John Mandeville (Eng.) travels in India.
1415-60.—Prince Henry (Port.) gives an impetus to Portuguese voyages of discovery.
1419-20.—J. Gonzales and Martin Vaz (Port.) discover Porto Santo and Madeira.
1442.—Nuno Tristao (Port.) reaches Cape Verde, etc.
1460(?).—Cintra and Costa (Port.) sail to coast of Guinea.
1474.—Toscanelli (Ital.) sends Columbus his map showing the western route to Cathay (China).
1485.—Diego Cam (Port.) reaches the mouth of the Congo river.
1487.—Bartholomew Diaz (Port.) rounds Cape of Good Hope.