Museum of
Fine Arts		CathedralRoyal PalaceNational
Monument

PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE HEART OF BERLIN, SHOWING THE MUSEUM OF ART, LUSTGARTEN, NEW CATHEDRAL, ROYAL PALACE, AND NATIONAL MONUMENT.

Large [left-hand side] of panorama (85 kB)
Large [right-hand side] of panorama (82 kB)

Chief Cities.—German cities and towns are officially distinguished as large cities (with one hundred thousand inhabitants and upwards); medium cities (twenty thousand to one hundred thousand inhabitants); small cities (five thousand to twenty thousand inhabitants); and country towns (two thousand to five thousand inhabitants). According to the latest census, the population of cities over fifty thousand was as follows:

CitiesStateLatest
Population
BerlinPrussia2,070,695
HamburgHamburg932,166
MunichBavaria595,053
LeipzigSaxony587,635
DresdenSaxony, K.546,882
ColognePrussia516,167
BreslauPrussia511,891
Frankfort-on-MainPrussia414,598
DusseldorfPrussia357,702
NürnbergBavaria332,651
CharlottenburgPrussia305,181
HanoverPrussia302,384
EssenPrussia294,629
ChemnitzSaxony, K.287,340
StuttgartWürttemberg285,589
MagdeburgPrussia279,685
BremenBremen246,827
KönigsbergPrussia245,853
RixdorfPrussia237,378
StettinPrussia236,145
DuisburgPrussia229,478
DortmundPrussia214,333
KielPrussia211,044
MannheimBaden193,379
Halle-on-SaalePrussia180,551
StrassburgAlsace-Lorraine178,913
SchoenebergPrussia172,902
AltonaPrussia172,533
DanzigPrussia170,347
ElberfeldPrussia170,118
GelsenkirchenPrussia169,530
BarmenPrussia169,201
PosenPrussia156,696
AachenPrussia156,044
CasselPrussia153,078
BrunswickBrunswick143,534
BochumPrussia136,916
KarlsruheBaden134,161
CrefeldSaxony, K.129,412
PlauenPrussia121,104
Mülheim-on-RuhrPrussia112,602
ErfurtPrussia111,461
MainzHesse110,634
WiesbadenPrussia109,033
AugsburgBavaria102,293
LübeckLübeck98,620
MülhausenAlsace-Lorraine95,041
MünsterPrussia90,283
OberhausenPrussia89,897
HagenPrussia88,625
BonnPrussia87,967
DarmstadtHesse87,085
GörlitzPrussia85,790
SpandauPrussia84,919
WürzburgBavaria84,387
FreiburgBaden83,328
Ludwigshafen-on-RhineBavaria83,297
BielefeldPrussia78,334
OffenbachHesse75,593
LindenPrussia73,352
ZwickauSaxony, K.73,538
KönigshüttePrussia72,642
RemscheidPrussia72,176
PforzheimBaden69,084
MetzAlsace-Lorraine68,445
Frankfort on O.Prussia68,230
BeuthenPrussia67,718
HarburgPrussia67,024
GleiwitzPrussia66,983
LiegnitzPrussia66,620
FürthBavaria66,535
München GladbachPrussia66,410
OsnabrückPrussia65,956
RostockMeckl.-Sch.65,377
PotsdamPrussia62,224
FlensburgPrussia60,931
ElbingPrussia58,631
BrombergPrussia57,585
DessauAnhalt56,606
KoblenzPrussia56,478
UlmWürttemberg55,817
KaiserslauternBavaria53,803
Brandenburg-on-HavelPrussia53,595
Mülheim-on-RheinPrussia53,428
CITIES OF PRUSSIA

Berlin, capital both of the Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia, is by far the most important center of population in Germany. It lies on both sides of the Spree, and by the Spandau and Tetlow canals to the Havel it is linked with the systems of the Oder and the Elbe. It is eighty-four miles from Stettin and one hundred and eighty miles from Hamburg, and is the center of the great Prussian state railway system. (See [Internal Communications].)

The city itself is served by an Outer Circle (Ringbahn) and by the Stadtbahn, running east and west through the city. There are electric surface lines, an overhead, or elevated, electric railway, and a shallow underground railway.