6. Ἡμὶοναι νωτηγοὶ—Sumpter mules imported into Mouza for the despot ([24]).
II. Animal Products:—
1. Βούτυρον—Butter, or the Indian preparation therefrom called ghî, a product of Ariakê ([41]); exported from Barugaza to the Barbarine markets beyond the Straits ([14]). The word, according to Pliny (xxviii. 9), is of Skythian origin, though apparently connected with Βους, τυρος. The reading is, however, suspected by Lassen, who would substitute Βοσμορον or Βοσπορον, a kind of grain.
2. Δέρματα Σηρικὰ —Chinese hides or furs. Exported from Barbarikon, a mart on the Indus ([39]). Vincent suspected the reading δερματα, but groundlessly, for Pliny mentions the Sêres sending their iron along with vestments and hides (vestibus pellibusque), and among the presents sent to Yudhishṭhira by the Śâka, Tushâra and Kaṅka skins are enumerated.—Mahâbh. ii. 50, quoted by Lassen.
3. Ἐλέφας—Ivory. Exported from Adouli ([6]), Aualitês ([8]), Ptolemaïs ([3]), Mossulon ([10]), and the ports of Azania (16, 17). Also from Barugaza ([49]), Mouziris and Nelkunda ([56]); a species of ivory called Βωσαρη is produced in Desarênê ([62]).
4. Ἔριον Σηρικὸν—Chinese cotton. Imported from the country of the Thînai through Baktria to Barugaza, and by the Ganges to Bengal, and thence to Dimurikê ([64]). By Εριον Vincent seems to understand silk in the raw state.
5. Κέρατα—Horns. Exported from Barugaza to the marts of Omana and Apologos ([36]). Müller suspects this reading, thinking it strange that such an article as horns should be mentioned between wooden beams and logs. He thinks, therefore, that Κέρατα is either used in some technical sense, or that the reading Κορμῶν or Κορμίων should be substituted—adding that Κορμοὺς ἐβένου, planks of ebony, are at all events mentioned by Athênaios (p. 201a) where he is quoting Kallixenos of Rhodes.
6. Κοράλλιον—Coral. (Sans. pravâla, Hindi mûngâ.) Imported into Kanê ([28]), Barbarikon on the Indus ([39]), Barugaza ([49]), and Naoura, Tundis, Mouziris, and Nelkunda ([56]).
7. Λάκκος χρωμάτινος—Coloured lac. Exported to Adouli from Ariakê ([6]). The Sanskṛit word is lâkshâ, which is probably a later form of râkshâ, connected, as Lassen thinks, with râga, from the root raṅj, to dye. The vulgar form is lâkkha. Gum-lac is a substance produced on the leaves and branches of certain trees by an insect, both as a covering for its egg and food for its young. It yields a fine red dye.[4] Salmasius thinks that by λάκκος χρωμάτινος must be understood not lac itself, but vestments dyed therewith.